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2019 Environmental Science Semester Exam

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 1. 
(5 points) Annual rings in a tree trunk occur when uneven growth occurs. In the spring, large, relatively thin-walled cells are produced; in the summer, smaller thicker-walled cells are produced.
 

 2. 
(5 points) Shade-intolerant tree species need direct sunlight to grow well.
 

 3. 
(5 points) The central stem of a compound leaf that the leaflets are attached to is known as the rachis.
 

 4. 
(5 points) Throughout modern times, deaths due to wars did not offset the overall human population growth.
 

 5. 
(5 points) The primary cause of most population growth in the last 300 years is declining mortality.
 

 6. 
(5 points) “Guest Workers” often take high paying, white collar jobs from the citizens of the country.
 

 7. 
(5 points) Humans are part of the environment.
 

 8. 
(5 points) Environmental science is not environmentalism.
 

 9. 
(5 points) Human activities are affecting the Earth’s climate.
 

 10. 
(5 points) The seed of the Ohio Buckeye is poisonous to animals but people can eat it because we grind it up and cook out the toxins.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 11. 
(5 points) Which U.S. Forest Region is considered the most productive forest region in the U.S.?
a.
Northern
b.
Central
c.
Southern
d.
Pacific Coast
 

 12. 
(5 points) A forest that is mostly one species is known as.....
a.
pure
b.
mixed
c.
even-aged
d.
all-aged
 

 13. 
(5 points) A tree whose crown extends above the general canopy level is known as.....
a.
dominant
b.
codominant
c.
intermediate
d.
suppressed
 

 14. 
(5 points) The main body of a leaf is known as the ___________________.
a.
margin
b.
blade
c.
apex
d.
base
 

 15. 
(5 points) Which is NOT a type of compound leaf discussed in class?
a.
pinnately compound
c.
palmately compound
b.
bipinnately compound
d.
simply compound
 

 16. 
(5 points) Leaves can be arranged on a tree stem in three ways. Which of the following is not one of those ways?
a.
rosette
b.
whorled
c.
alternate
d.
opposite
 

 17. 
(5 points) Most trees native to Ohio have their leaves arranged in an alternating pattern. The few exceptions have their leaves arranged in an opposite manner and can be remembered by knowing what tree species ‘MADBuck’ refers to. Which of the following is NOT a tree species represented by the acronym ‘MADBuck’?
a.
Maple
b.
Aspen
c.
Dogwood
d.
Buckeye
 

 18. 
(5 points) How many years did it take for the global human population to grow from 5 billion to 6 billion?
a.
150
b.
87
c.
21
d.
12
 

 19. 
(5 points) ‘First World’ is a term that can mean or reference:
a.
Developed Countries
c.
USSR and Allies
b.
Non-Developed Countries
d.
Non-Aligned Countries
 

 20. 
(5 points) Which formula is correct for Total Growth Rate?
a.
Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate
b.
Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate - Immigration
c.
Crude Birth Rate - Immigration
d.
Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate + Immigration - Emigration
 

 21. 
(5 points) Which country is considered to be the world’s least densely populated country?
a.
Australia
b.
Mongolia
c.
Monaco
d.
USA
 

 22. 
(5 points) Higher education and personal freedom for women often results in decisions to _______________ childbearing.
a.
limit
b.
increase
c.
stagnate
 

 23. 
(5 points) Identify this tree species:
-Simple Leaf
-Alternately placed on the stem

mc023-1.jpg
a.
White Ash
c.
Black Oak
b.
Basswood
d.
Black Cherry
 

 24. 
(5 points) Identify this tree species:
-Pinnately Compound Leaf
-Alternately placed on the stem

mc024-1.jpg
a.
Ohio Buckeye
c.
Shagbark Hickory
b.
Black Walnut
d.
Bur Oak
 

 25. 
(5 points) Identify this tree species:
-Simple Leaf
-Alternately placed on the stem

mc025-1.jpg
a.
Sycamore
c.
Bur Oak
b.
Sugar Maple
d.
Basswood
 

 26. 
(5 points) Identify this tree species:
-Simple Leaf
-Oppositely placed on the stem

mc026-1.jpg
a.
Sugar Maple
c.
Sycamore
b.
Red Maple
d.
Sweetgum
 

 27. 
(5 points) Identify this tree species:
-Pinnately Compound Leaf
-Alternately placed on the stem

mc027-1.jpg
a.
Shagbark Hickory
c.
Ohio Buckeye
b.
Black Walnut
d.
Black Locust
 

 28. 
(5 points) Identify this tree species:
-Simple Leaf
-Alternately placed on the stem

mc028-1.jpg
a.
Bur Oak
c.
Sassafras
b.
Black Oak
d.
Ohio Buckeye
 

 29. 
(5 points) Identify this tree species:
-Needles are found in bundles of 5

mc029-1.jpg
a.
White Cedar
c.
Scotch Pine
b.
Pitch Pine
d.
White Pine
 

 30. 
(5 points) Identify this tree species:
-Simple Leaf
-Alternately placed on the stem

mc030-1.jpg
a.
Tulip Tree
c.
Bur Oak
b.
Northern Red Oak
d.
Shingle Oak
 

 31. 
(5 points) Identify this tree species:
-Palmately Compound Leaf
-Oppositely placed on the stem

mc031-1.jpg
a.
Black Locust
c.
Black Walnut
b.
Ohio Buckeye
d.
Shagbark Hickory
 

 32. 
(5 points) Identify this tree species:
-Simple Leaf
-Alternately placed on the stem

mc032-1.jpg
a.
Northern Red Oak
c.
Sugar Maple
b.
American Hornbeam
d.
White Oak
 

 33. 
(5 points) The leaves of the Black Locust are....
a.
simple
c.
palmately compound
b.
pinnately compound
d.
bipinnately compound
 

 34. 
(5 points) This tree species produces dark brown wood that is quite valuable, making it one of the most valuable tree species in the Eastern forest.
a.
Black Walnut
c.
Northern Red Oak
b.
Sugar Maple
d.
White Oak
 

 35. 
(5 points) This tree species is considered the tallest of all Eastern hardwoods.
a.
Sycamore
c.
Shingle Oak
b.
Ohio Buckeye
d.
Tulip Tree
 

 36. 
(5 points) A process that takes place within the individual cells of plants and animals. It involves the breakdown of foods into their components along with the release of energy.
a.
decomposition
c.
photosynthesis
b.
respiration
d.
biological synthesis
 

 37. 
(5 points) Four elements account for 96% of the material that is found in living organisms. Which of the following is NOT one of those four elements?
a.
Carbon
b.
Potassium
c.
Nitrogen
d.
Hydrogen
 

 38. 
(5 points) Which of the following is the most abundant element found in the atmosphere?
a.
Oxygen
b.
Carbon
c.
Hydrogen
d.
Nitrogen
 

 39. 
(5 points) Which of the following elements is the most abundant element found in living organisms?
a.
carbon
c.
oxygen
b.
nitrogen
d.
iron
 

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
 

 40. 
(5 points) Which of the following can be used to identify tree species? (Choose all that are correct)
 a.
leaf
 b.
bark
 c.
seed
 d.
petiole
 e.
midrib
 

 41. 
(5 points) Which of the following tree species has leaves that are placed oppositely on a twig?
 a.
Sweetgum
 d.
Black Walnut
 b.
Silver Maple
 e.
White Ash
 c.
Eastern Cottonwood
 f.
Black Locust
 

 42. 
(5 points) Indicate which of the following tree species produces leaves that are pinnately compound.
 a.
White Ash
 e.
Black Locust
 b.
Black Walnut
 f.
Ohio Buckeye
 c.
Cucumber Tree
 g.
Tupelo
 d.
White Oak
 h.
Silver Maple
 

 43. 
(5 points) Which of the following evergreen trees produces needles that are found in bundles on the stem?
 a.
Eastern White Pine
 e.
Virginia Pine
 b.
Easter Red Cedar
 f.
Scotch Pine
 c.
White Cedar
 g.
Austrian Pine
 d.
Eastern Hemlock
 

Numeric Response
 

 44. 
(5 points) An acre is a unit of measure in the English system that is equal to ____________ square feet.

 

 45. 
(5 points) About _______% of the earth’s people live on 10% of the land.

 

 46. 
(5 points) Demographers predict that the world population will level off during the next century. Projections on the low end are approximately 8 billion; projections on the high end are approximately ______ billion.

 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 

 47. 
(5 points) The first species to colonize a lifeless surface in a situation of primary succession is called a ___________ species.
 

 

 48. 
(5 points) Forestry is the science and art of cultivating, maintaining and developing forests. Another name for forestry is_________________. (spelling counts)
 

 

 49. 
(5 points) Which tree species is the main softwood tree species found in the Bottomland Forest Region?   ____________________
 

 

 50. 
(5 points) The ceiling in the forest is called the _______________, which consists of the crowns of the taller trees.
 

 

 51. 
(5 points) There are three main parts or sections of a tree: roots, trunk and ________________. (spelling counts)
 

 

 52. 
(5 points) The _________________ of a tree consists of the branches, twigs, buds and leaves. (spelling counts)
 

 

 53. 
(5 points) The small stem-like structure on a leaf that connects the blade to the main plan stem is known as the ______________________.
 

 

 54. 
(5 points) The bud at the end of the stem, which can be vegetative or flowering, is known as the _________________ bud.
 

 

 55. 
(5 points) The scientific name for Red Maple is Acer rubrum. Acer is the _________ of the tree. (genus or species)
 

 

 56. 
(5 points) What continent as the greatest population density?
 

 

 57. 
(5 points) The number of non-working compared to working individuals in a population is known as the _______________ ratio.
 

 

 58. 
(5 points) The ________________________  _________________________ concept quantifies a person’s or nation’s resource consumption in terms of area of biologically productive land and water.
 

 

 59. 
(5 points) The state tree of Ohio is the _____________ Buckeye.
 

 

 60. 
(5 points) The ______________ is a large tree that produces white bark with brown patches that tend to flake off of the tree.
 

 

 61. 
(5 points) The ___________ Cedar produces very small cones that are often mistaken for blue berries.
 

 

 62. 
(5 points) Ecosystems consist of living subsystems. Another name for living when referring to subsystems found in an ecosystem would be ________. (spelling counts)
 

 

 63. 
(5 points) Ecosystems consist of nonliving subsystems. Another name for nonliving when referring to subsystems found in an ecosystem would be ________. (spelling counts)
 

 

 64. 
(5 points) The ____________________ law of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form of energy to another.
 

 

Matching
 
 
Match the following terms and their definitions:
a.
hardwood
e.
evergreen
b.
softwood
f.
tree
c.
deciduous
g.
shrub
d.
conifer
 

 65. 

 (5 points) a woody perennial plant which general develops a single stem and is over 10 feet tall at maturity.
 

 66. 

 (5 points) the wood from a coniferous tree
 

 67. 

 (5 points) any of various mostly needle-leaved or scale-leaved cone-bearing trees or shrubs, such as pines, spruces and firs.
 

 68. 

 (5 points) a tree, shrub or plant having foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year
 

 69. 

 (5 points) a perennial plant that loses its foliage at the end of the growing season
 

 70. 

 (5 points) the wood from a deciduous tree
 
 
Match the following terms to their respective definitions.
a.
organism
d.
ecosystem
b.
population
e.
biome
c.
community
f.
biosphere
 

 71. 

 (5 points) Any partially self-contained environmental and living system.
 

 72. 

 (5 points) An individual plant, animal or other living thing.
 

 73. 

 (5 points) All of the populations of organisms that live within a defined area such as a woodland, marsh or cornfield.
 

 74. 

 (5 points) A group of connected ecosystems.
 

 75. 

 (5 points) A group of similiar organisms that is found in a defined area.
 
 
Match the types of energy to their definitions.
a.
Kinetic
d.
Chemical
b.
Thermal
e.
Electrical
c.
Radiant
f.
Mechanical
 

 76. 

 (5 points) Energy that comes from the sun.
 

 77. 

 (5 points) Energy created by man-made machines.
 

 78. 

 (5 points) Energy that is stored in plant tissues as sugars, oils and starches.
 

 79. 

 (5 points) Energy that is associated with motion and movement.
 

 80. 

 (5 points) Energy that is released as heat when fuels or nutrients are burned or digested.
 



 
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