Questions specific to
Minnesota have been omitted.
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that
best completes the statement or answers the question.
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| 1. | Alfalfa belongs to the ______
botanical family of crop plants. a. | chenopodiacea
| c. | leguminoseae | b. | graminaea | d. | Malvaceae | | | | |
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| 2. | The genus and species or
scientific name of alfalfa is ______? a. | Alfa
medica | c. | Glycine max | b. | Beta
vulgaris | d. | Medicago sativa | | | | |
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| 3. | Alfalfa is thought to have
originated in the Middle East with the first cultivation in Iran. The first successful planting in
the USA was in California 1841. The queen of the forages moved eastward in the U.S. with development
of: a. | Earlier maturing varieties | c. | more drought resistant varieties | b. | More disease resistant varieties | d. | more winter hardy
varieties | | | | |
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| 4. | Most alfalfa seed in the U.S.
is produced in the Western states of California, Arizona, and Idaho. This is because higher seed
yields are obtained due to: a. | More pollinating insect
activity | c. | fewer disease problems | b. | more
irrigation | d. | longer growing seasons | | | | |
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| 5. | One of the important traits of
alfalfa plants is the ability to fix the nutrient element____ via Phizobia bacteria found in nodules
on the root. a. | Iron | c. | Phosphorus | b. | Nitrogen | d. | Potassium | | | | |
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| 6. | The growth pattern of alfalfa
varieties typically grown in the Midwest is: a. | Biennial | c. | spring annual | b. | Perennial | d. | winter annual | | | | |
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| 7. | The flower of alfalfa is
designed to favor_____ for seed set? a. | apomixis | c. | self pollination | b. | insect pollination | d. | wind pollination | | | | |
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| 8. | A general seeding rate of
alfalfa seeded alone with out a companion crop on fertile soils with a good seedbed is
approximately____ pounds of seed per acre. a. | 5-10 | b. | 10-15 | c. | 25-35 | d. | 35-40 | | | | | | | | |
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| 9. | Which group of weeds is most
likely to become a problem in alfalfa harvested for hay during a 3-year production
period? a. | Annuals | b. | Biennials | c. | Perennials | d. | Winter annuals | | | | | | | | |
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| 10. | A common disease of alfalfa in
poorly drained soils in the Midwest is: a. | Anthracnose
| c. | Fusarium wilt | b. | Bacterial
wilt | d. | Phytophthora root rot | | | | |
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| 11. | Alfalfa is quite sensitive to
soil pH. In general, a pH of approximately ____is recommended for maximum productivity of this
crop. a. | 4.5 to 5.0 | b. | 5.5 to 6.0 | c. | 6.5 to 7.0 | d. | 8.5 to 9.0 | | | | | | | | |
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| 12. | If the soil has a low pH
(acid), the pH may be raised to a favorable pH for alfalfa production by the addition
of_____: a. | animal manure | b. | fertilizer
(NPK) | c. | lime | d. | sulfur | | | | | | | | |
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| 13. | In recent years the best method
of evaluating quality of alfalfa for feeding dairy cattle is based upon: a. | acid detergent fiber (ADF) | c. | relative feed value (RFV) | b. | neutral detergent fiber (NDF) | d. | stage of maturity (%
flower) | | | | |
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| 14. | The best “field
guide” or eye-ball” criteria for harvesting high quality alfalfa: a. | plant height | c. | stage of maturity | b. | percentage of protein | d. | thickness of stems | | | | |
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| 15. | The nutrient _____ is
especially important to high yields and winter hardiness of alfalfa: a. | boron | b. | calcium | c. | nitrogen | d. | potassium | | | | | | | | |
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| 16. | The best guide for
fertilization recommendation is the use of information based on: a. | expected yield | b. | last years yield | c. | soil test | d. | soil texture | | | | | | | | |
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| 17. | In a “normal
season” farmers may harvest well-fertilized alfalfa every ___ days without serious damage to
the stand. a. | 10-15 | b. | 20-25 | c. | 25-30 | d. | 35-40 | | | | | | | | |
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| 18. | Fall harvest management may be
critical to survival of alfalfa. In general, we would like the last harvest to be completed
by: a. | mid-July | b. | 1st of August | c. | Early October | d. | 3 weeks before average killing frost
date | | |
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| 19. | The frequent harvest of alfalfa
resulting in death of most of the alfalfa plants over the winter was due to: a. | Depleted carbohydrate nutrient reserves stored in the roots | b. | depleted nitrogen fertilizer present in the soil | c. | depleted potassium and phosphorus levels in the soil | d. | stimulated excessive growth of the plant | | |
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| 20. | A good crop to follow alfalfa
in a rotation to take advantage of the good biological traits of alfalfa is: a. | Alfalfa followed by corn | b. | Alfalfa followed by
soybeans | c. | Alfalfa followed by canning peas | d. | Alfalfa followed by red or white clover for pasture | | |
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| 21. | A major quality factor of
alfalfa affecting feed value: a. | percent carbohydrate
| c. | vitamin A content | b. | percent
lignin | d. | digestible protein content | | | | |
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| 22. | One of the problems with
grazing of pure stands of alfalfa by cattle is: a. | Potential of
bloat | b. | Potential of scours | c. | Potential of mastitis in dairy heifers | d. | not enough protein for max milk production | | |
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| 23. | Wheat belongs to a group of
crop plants known as: a. | cereal | b. | dicots | c. | oil crops | d. | pulses | | | | | | | | |
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| 24. | Wheat is thought to be one of
the first cultivated crops based on present day wild relatives and archeological evidence found in
what region of the world? a. | eastern
Asia | c. | southern Europe | b. | eastern
Mediterranean | d. | high elevations of South America | | | | |
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| 25. | Wheat is one of the major crops
of the world because of its use in: a. | tofu | b. | feeds | c. | bread | d. | brewing(beer) | | | | | | | | |
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| 26. | The primary use of soft red
winter wheat in the U.S. is: a. | bread | c. | macaroni and
spaghetti | b. | cake and donut | d. | noodles | | | | |
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| 27. | The disease of wheat which has
caused great economic loss to farmers during the last 5 years and produces a toxin called
“vomitoxin” is a. | leaf rust | b. | ergot | c. | phomopis | d. | scab | | | | | | | | |
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| 28. | Spring wheat will began
germinating when the soil temperature is above: a. | 25 degrees | b. | 35 degrees | c. | 45 degrees | d. | 55 degrees | | | | | | | | |
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| 29. | When comparing wheat
seeded at 60 lbs. and 180 lbs. per acre it was observed that he number of heads per acre at
harvest differed by only 10%. This is because of: a. | higher germination at 60lbs. | b. | loss of plants at 180lbs. | c. | tillering capacity
| d. | more seeds per pound in the 60lbs. treatment | | |
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| 30. | The root system of wheat is
best described as: a. | branched | b. | fibrous | c. | shallow | d. | tap | | | | | | | | |
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| 31. | Seeding rates of wheat vary,
but the recommended rate is: a. | 25 seeds per square
foot | c. | 45 seeds per square foot | b. | 35 seeds per square
foot | d. | 55 seeds per square foot | | | | |
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| 32. | The first structure to emerge
from a germinating seed is the: a. | adventitious
roots | c. | pericarp | b. | coleoptile | d. | radicle | | | | |
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| 33. | Semi-dwarf varieties
contributed to average yields increasing of about 10 bushels per acres. Part of the increased yield
of semi-dwarfs is due to: a. | tolerance to higher seeding
rates | c. | tolerance to higher fertilizer use | b. | less lodging | d. | deeper rooting | | | | |
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| 34. | Normal seeding depth of wheat
is : a. | 3/4 inch | b. | 1 1/2 inch | c. | 2 1/2 inch | d. | 3 1/2 inch | | | | | | | | |
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| 35. | After taking a soil test, the
final decision on the amount of fertilizer to apply for wheat will be determined by: a. | soil structure | c. | soil moisture and projected rainfall | b. | soil texture and depth | d. | yield goal | | | | |
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| 36. | You have determined that
125lbs. of nitrogen is needed for your crop. For maximum crop response and minimum environmental
consequence due to leaching you should apply the fertilizer: a. | 100% in the fall to permit early planting | b. | 100% at planting time | c. | 50% at planting and 50% at tillering
stage | d. | 50% at planting and 50% at early heading
stage | | |
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| 37. | Leaching of applied nitrogen is
likely to be greatest on which soil texture: a. | loamy clay | b. | loamy sand | c. | sandy loam
| d. | silt loam | | | | | | | | |
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| 38. | At the “boot” stage
of development the plant is near: a. | heading | b. | maturity | c. | spiking | d. | tillering | | | | | | | | |
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| 39. | For non-chemical control
of wild oat and other cool season grassy weeds, the best practice is: a. | cultivation | c. | early planting | b. | delayed planting | d. | increased seeding rate | | | | |
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| 40. | Crop loss due to hail is most
likely to be greatest if the storm occurs at which growth stage? a. | emergence | b. | tillering | c. | joining | d. | heading | | | | | | | | |
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| 41. | Wheat harvest by swathing
(windrowing) can began any time after _____ without suffering any yield loss. a. | heading | c. | the green color is out of the head | b. | hard dough | d. | the flag leaf is dried up | | | | |
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| 42. | The weed species most difficult
to control in spring wheat are: a. | annual grasses
| c. | annual broadleaf | b. | winter annual grasses
| d. | perennial broadleaf | | | | |
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| 43. | High quality wheat for milling
and bread making purposes, the best quality and highest flour yielding sample would
be: a. | protein of 12% and test weight of 60 | c. | protein of 15% and test weight of
54 | b. | protein of 14% and test weight of 56 | d. | protein of 16% and test weight of
62 | | | | |
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