Multiple
Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
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| 1. | What is a
broodmare? a. | a female yearling | b. | and female horse | c. | a mare that is kept for purposes a
reproduction | d. | a mare with desirable genetic traits | | |
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| 2. | What is the earliest
recommended age for breeding a mare? a. | two years | c. | 12 to 18 months | b. | three years | d. | four years | | | | |
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| 3. | A mare’s estrus cycle
includes........ a. | six days of being in heat, plus 21 days | b. | up to 37 days of being in heat | c. | a period of six days during which ovulation is possible | d. | an average of 6 days of being in heat, plus 14-15 days | | |
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| 4. | How does poor nutrition tend to
affect a mare’s reproductive ability? a. | Poorly nourished mares are likely to have
longer heat periods | b. | Poorly nourished mares take longer to
recover from foaling | c. | Poor nutrition can contribute to
spontaneous abortion early in gestation | d. | All of these are
correct | | |
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| 5. | When does ovulation generally
take place in a mare? a. | From 24 to 48 hours before the end of the
heat period | b. | During the part of the estrus cycle when the mare is not in
heat | c. | From November to January | d. | about 12 hours after heat begins | | |
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| 6. | How long does
gestation-pregnancy- generally last in mares? a. | 2 months | b. | 9 months | c. | 330-345
days | d. | 90 days | | | | | | | | |
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| 7. | What is
lactation? a. | dropping a foal | c. | producing milk | b. | carrying a foal | d. | exercising during pregnancy | | | | |
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| 8. | Which of these minerals is most
important for lactation? a. | calcium | b. | magnesium | c. | sodium | d. | zinc | | | | | | | | |
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| 9. | How long does lactation
last? a. | about 90 days | b. | as long as a foal
nurses | c. | a year or more | d. | until the mare has lost weight gained during pregnancy | | |
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| 10. | For best results, a
mare’s special nutrition should begin.......? a. | during the last 90 days of gestation | c. | in the first months of
gestation | b. | during lactation | d. | before breeding | | | | |
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| 11. | Which of these minerals must be
balanced with calcium in the diet? a. | magnesium | b. | potassium | c. | sodium | d. | phosphorus | | | | | | | | |
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| 12. | The times ii which mares have
the most crucial nutritional needs are during........? a. | breeding | b. | the first eight months of
gestation | c. | the last 90 days of gestation and during
lactation | d. | foaling | | |
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| 13. | If an actual scale is not
available, the best way to decide if a mare is at a healthy weight is by........? a. | using the Condition Scoring System | b. | comparing the mare to other horses whose weight is known | c. | “guesstimating” | d. | using a horse weight
tape | | |
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| 14. | Which of these is the most
accurate statement about mares early in gestation? a. | The fatter a pregnant mare is, the better | b. | The mare should not be too thin and not too fat | c. | The thinner a pregnant mare is, the better | d. | The mare should gain as much as fast as possible | | |
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| 15. | The best time to regulate a
mare’s weight is......? a. | during the last 90 days of
gestation | b. | during the first three months of lactation | c. | during the first eight months of gestation | d. | before breeding | | |
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| 16. | The nutritional needs of
pregnant and lactating mares differ from the needs of other horses in both amount
and........? a. | frequency of feeding | c. | nutrient content | b. | type of forage | d. | location of feeding | | | | |
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| 17. | Besides water, which of the
following is the most important consideration in a mare’s ration? a. | calcium | b. | salt | c. | vitamin A | d. | energy | | | | | | | | |
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| 18. | The lower the energy content of
the roughage in a mare’s diet, a. | the more concentrate the mare will need to
be fed | b. | the more frequently the mare will eat | c. | the more exercise a mare will get | d. | the less concentrate the mare will need to be fed | | |
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| 19. | Which of these is the most
desirable source of roughage for a broodmare? a. | oats hay | b. | fresh fescue grass | c. | hay that has been dried for at least six
months | d. | high quality legume or grass hay | | |
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| 20. | During which of these periods
is a mare most likely to need extra concentrate? a. | the first three months of
lactation | c. | the last three months of pregnancy | b. | the first three months of pregnancy | d. | the fourth and fifth months of
lactation | | | | |
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| 21. | Abortion early in gestation can
be caused by.....? a. | eating too much
fiber | c. | eating legume hays | b. | moderate
exercise | d. | serious underweight | | | | |
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| 22. | How much fetal growth occurs
during the first 8 months of gestation? a. | one half | c. | two thirds | b. | one third | d. | three fourths | | | | |
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| 23. | Mares the cycle early in the
year usually.......? a. | have different nutritional needs than
other mares | b. | are seriously underweight | c. | have already given birth to at least one foal | d. | breed more easily than mares who cycle later in the year | | |
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| 24. | Why do some horse owners add
fat or oil to broodmares’ diets? a. | to cut down on colic and
gas | c. | for extra energy | b. | to make digestion
smoother | d. | for extra vitamins and minerals | | | | |
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| 25. | During the first eight months
of gestation, a pregnant mare’s nutritional needs are......? a. | difficult to meet because the mare does not wish to eat | b. | dramatically greater than before breeding began | c. | only slightly greater than those of mature, idle horse | d. | about the same as they will be later in pregnancy | | |
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| 26. | If a pregnant mare is eating
hay of only average quality, what percentage of crude protein ought to be in her
concentrate? a. | 8 percent | c. | 12-14 percent | b. | 10-12 percent | d. | 18 percent or more | | | | |
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| 27. | Feeding excessive amounts of
food to fatten a too-thin mare can result in.......? a. | digestive disorders | c. | failure to produce milk | b. | abortion | d. | bone disorders in the foal | | | | |
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| 28. | By about how many calories a
day does a mare’s energy needs increase during the last 90 days of pregnancy? a. | 2,500 | b. | 1,000 | c. | 1,500 | d. | 2,000 | | | | | | | | |
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| 29. | About how much weight does the
fetus gain during the last 90 days of pregnancy? a. | ten pounds | c. | one pound a day | b. | one pound a week | d. | thirty pounds | | | | |
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| 30. | During which month of gestation
does the largest amount of mineral retention take place in the foal? a. | first month | b. | tenth month | c. | third
month | d. | eight month | | | | | | | | |
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| 31. | About how much milk does a
lactating mare produce? a. | about twice as much as her foal
needs | c. | 21 to 32 pounds a day | b. | 450 gallons a
week | d. | only a few ounces a day | | | | |
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| 32. | Fescue grass is harmful to
broodmares if it.......? a. | is fed with corn or other
cereals | b. | is combined with alfalfa, and other legumes | c. | contains weeds | d. | contains fungus | | |
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| 33. | During the first three months
of lactation, a mare’s energy needs........? a. | 5,000 calories per day | c. | 2,000 calories per day | b. | 1,000 calories per day | d. | 10,000 calories per day | | | | |
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| 34. | What percentage of her total
body weight should a lactating mare consume daily? a. | 10 percent | c. | 2 to 3 percent | b. | 1.5 to 1.7
percent | d. | 5 percent | | | | |
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| 35. | The most desirable hay is
characterized by.....? a. | light green color, many leaves, and a
sweet smell | b. | light yellow color, with many varieties of
weeds | c. | many insects, which prove the plants are desirable
food | d. | black or white powder and a musty smell | | |
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| 36. | The best way to determine the
quality of hay is to.......? a. | store it for more than 30
days | c. | have it forage tested | b. | buy it from the same source every
year | d. | buy different varieties | | | | |
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| 37. | During which time is alfalfa
most likely to be infested with blister beetles? a. | early
spring | b. | late fall | c. | mid-summer | d. | winter | | | | | | | | |
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| 38. | During the last three months of
pregnancy and the first three months of lactation, a mare needs about the same amount
of.......? a. | vitamin A | c. | digestible energy | b. | calcium | d. | lysine | | | | |
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| 39. | During lactation, it is
desirable for a mare to.......? a. | maintain
condition | c. | gain extra weight | b. | lose
weight | d. | get extra exercise | | | | |
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| 40. | What is the most desirable time
of the year for a mare to foal? a. | in
mid-summer | c. | autumn | b. | around
Christmas | d. | early spring | | | | |
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| 41. | Which of these usually takes
place during the fourth and fifth months of lactation? a. | The mare begins to consume extra energy | b. | The mare’s milk production gradually decreases | c. | The foal reaches about the same height as its mother | d. | The mare loses interest in the foal | | |
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| 42. | Lactating mares need to
drink.........? a. | about the same water ration as their foals | b. | less water than usual | c. | more water than
usual | d. | milk instead of water | | |
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| 43. | How does the Condition Scoring
System measure overall body condition in broodmares? a. | by assessing the amount of stored body fat | b. | by determining weight | c. | by relating weight and
age | d. | by measuring feed intake | | |
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| 44. | Which of these scores is
considered moderate, or average, under the Condition Scoring System?
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| 45. | What rating on the Condition
Scoring System is recommended for broodmares? a. | a score of 6 or
7 | c. | a score of 8 or 9 | b. | under 5 | d. | a score of 5 | | | | |
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| 46. | What is the highest possible
score under the Condition Scoring System?
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| 47. | Research on the Condition
Scoring System has shown that mares with the best reproductive records are those with
scores.......? a. | below 5 | c. | of 8 or above | b. | above 5 | d. | at exactly 5 | | | | |
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| 48. | Which sentence is the most
accurate statement about how the Condition Scoring System works? a. | Since the system depends on personal judgment, its results are not scientifically
reliable | b. | The system requires elaborate machinery | c. | The most basic measurement in the system is the mare’s
weight | d. | The system is based on hands-on touching of the animal and the
judgement of experienced horse handlers | | |
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| 49. | How much vitamin A does a mare
need during the last three months of pregnancy and the first three months of
lactation? a. | only slightly more than usual | c. | twice as much as
usual | b. | half as much as usual | d. | five or six times more than
usual | | | | |
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| 50. | What is the most accurate
statement about changing a broodmare’s food? a. | Any changes to the diet should be introduced gradually to prevent digestive
disorders | b. | Diet changes should be introduced to only one mare at a
time | c. | Both the roughage source and the energy concentrate should be changed
at the same time | d. | To be on the safe side, dietary changes
should be accompanied by vitamin supplements | | |
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