Cargill Module #1 Equine Management Test

Name:

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Which of the following essential nutrients are most important for horses?

a.	water, vitamin A, phosphorus	c.	water, energy, protein
b.	water, salt, calcium	d.	energy, protein, salt

On average, at what age does a horse reach its mature height and weight?

a.	48 months	b.	24 months	c.	12 months	d.	36 months

About how much water does a horse need to drink every day?

a.	15 gallons or more	c.	one gallon for each pound of feed
b.	one half gallon for each pound of feed	d.	at least 10 gallons

What is the first decision one should make in designing a feeding program?

a.	roughage source
b.	brand name feed
c.	energy concentrate source
d.	which vitamin and mineral supplements to use

The Ca:P ratio in a feed expresses the relative amounts of

a.	calcium and phosphorus	c.	calories and protein
b.	corn and potassium	d.	carbohydrates and proteins

What is lysine?

a.	a type of bacteria found in the cecum
b.	a critical amino acid needed by young, growing horses
c.	a type of mold that develops in hay
d.	a nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) added to feeds

If a horse does not drink enough water, the result could be

a.	heaves	c.	foundering
b.	parasites	d.	Impacted intestinal tract and colic

Two categories of vitamins are

a.	annual and perennial	c.	fat soluble and water soluble
b.	major (or macro) and minor (or trace)	d.	roughage and concentrate

Two categories of minerals are

a.	major (or macro) and minor (or trace)	c.	annual and perennial
b.	fat soluble and water soluble	d.	roughage an concentrate

10.

In addition to their diets, horses receive vitamins from

a.	molds	c.	their water supply
b.	microbes	d.	regular injections

11.

Because horses are creatures of habit, their nutritional needs are best met by

a.	letting tem eat whenever they’re hungry
b.	regular feeding
c.	changing their diets at frequent intervals
d.	adding more variety to their diets

12.

The energy that feed will provide is expressed in

a.	grams	b.	pounds	c.	units	d.	calories

13.

horses have natural “nutritional wisdom” that tells them when to consume

a.	phosphorus	b.	calcium	c.	salt	d.	all of the above

14.

Which of these feeding practices is prohibited by most state laws?

a.	mixing oil with commercial feed
b.	using nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) in horse feed
c.	storing hay in damp places
d.	feeding alfalfa that has been infested with blister beetles

15.

Which two minerals are horses most likely to lack?

a.	calcium and phosphorus	c.	potassium and calcium
b.	magnesium and iron	d.	zinc and iodine

16.

Which nutrients provide the most important sources of energy?

a.	carbohydrates	b.	fats	c.	proteins	d.	calcium

17.

Which of these statements about vitamin and mineral supplements is true?

a.	All horses need supplements
b.	Even commercial feeds, supplements are almost always needed
c.	Supplements are more likely to be needed with legumes hay than with grass hay
d.	overfeeding can cause toxicity in horses

18.

Which phrase describes the best way to measure feed?

a.	by volume, using a 3-pound coffee can	c.	by “eyeballing”
b.	by exact weight, at each feeding	d.	by weight, using estimated proportions

19.

Stall vices such as chewing wood and eating bedding are usually caused by

a.	overfeeding with nutritional supplements
b.	moldy hay
c.	not enough roughage in the diet
d.	feeding cereal grains

20.

Protein requirements are most critical for

a.	growth and work	c.	growth and reproduction
b.	maintenance and work	d.	maintenance and growth

21.

In general, a higher fiber percentage in a commercial feed means

a.	cheaper feed	c.	more expensive feed	d.	a lower energy content
b.	a higher energy content

22.

Compared to grass hays, legume hays are

a.	higher in protein and digestible energy	c.	less likely to be infested with beetles
b.	lower in calories	d.	higher in fiber

23.

Which of these phrases describes the most desirable hay?

a.	many insects, which prove the plants are a desirable food
b.	light yellow, with many varieties of weeds
c.	light green, sweet-smelling, with many leaves
d.	musty smelling and powdery

24.

What is the major cause of mold in hay?

a.	early harvesting	b.	excess moisture	c.	baling twine	d.	late harvesting

25.

Which of these can be found in new hay but not in hay that has been in storage for a long time/

a.	stems and leaves	b.	roughage	c.	carbohydrates	d.	carotene

26.

Which is the major factor in determining protein levels of the total ration?

a.	lysine	b.	hay quality	c.	phosphorus	d.	vitamin A

27.

Which mineral affects bone development as well as lactation?

a.	potassium	b.	calcium	c.	salt	d.	magnesium

28.

What is expected daily dry matter consumption for a mature, idle horse?

a.	2 to 2 1/4 lbs of dry matter per 100 lbs of body weight
b.	1 to 1 1/2 lbs of dry matter per 100 lbs of body weight
c.	1 1/2 to 1 3/4 lbs of dry matter per 100 lbs of body weight
d.	1 lb of dry matter per 100 lbs of body weight

29.

When feeding a horse, you must know all of the following except the

a.	expected feed intake	c.	type and amount of activity
b.	horse’s weight and age	d.	horse’s height

30.

On average, how much salt will a mature horse consume in one day?

a.	about 1 ounce	c.	about 2 ounces
b.	about 1/2 ounce	d.	less than 1/2 ounce

31.

What might be the result of a lack of salt in a horse’s diet?

a.	decreased appetite	c.	eating wood, dirt, or rocks
b.	weight loss	d.	all of these choices

32.

Which vitamin is the most commonly deficient in horses?

a.	vitamin A	c.	vitamin D	d.	vitamin B Complex
b.	vitamin E

33.

Which nutrients provide amino acids, the building blocks for body cells?

a.	carbohydrates	b.	proteins	c.	fats	d.	salt

34.

Which of the following symptoms might indicate a vitamin A deficiency?

a.	muscle disorders	c.	dry, scruffy skin and hair coat
b.	gait abnormalities	d.	lameness

35.

When is a vitamin A supplement needed?

a.	during breeding	c.	for the mature horse
b.	with large amounts of green forage	d.	with poor quality roughage

36.

Two common strategies for energy concentrate are to buy commercially prepared bulk feed or to

a.	purchase whole grains and mix them with vitamin and mineral supplements
b.	have forage professionally tested
c.	use legume hays instead of grass hay
d.	grow and process whole grains

37.

Fast early growth is often encouraged in

a.	broodmares
b.	horses that will do racing and other rugged work
c.	horses that will be used for moderate riding
d.	horses kept primarily as family pets

38.

Which of these sentences about alfalfa accurate?

a.	Blister beetles, which can cause blisters inside a horse’s stomach, might be present in the hay
b.	Alveoli feed usually causes kidney problems
c.	Increased sweating in a horse is usually the result of alfalfa in the feed
d.	Digestive upsets can usually be traced to alfalfa feed

39.

To avoid blister beetles, what is the best time to buy hay?

a.	early in August	c.	before mid-June and after August
b.	around the Fourth of July	d.	in mid-winter

40.

One half of the energy and 2/3 of the protein in hay is contained in the

a.	flowers	b.	stems	c.	leaves	d.	mold

41.

The most reliable ways to ensure the nutritional quality of your hay supply are to buy good hay and

a.	supplement it with legumes
b.	have it forage tested at a lab
c.	feed the horses as often as possible
d.	add as large a protein supplement as possible

42.

Oats are the most popular cereal grains for horses because

a.	they must be processed before eating
b.	they are the traditional food for horses
c.	they are high in fiber and therefore safe
d.	they can be mixed with commercial feed

43.

Which of these sentences about corn is accurate?

a.	Corn usually causes increased sweating in horses
b.	Corn-fed horses are always too spirited
c.	Corn poisoning, caused by mold called Fumonosin, can occur in extremely wet corn
d.	feeding horses corn usually cause digestive upsets

44.

Why do some horse owners add oil to their horses’ diets?

a.	to provide high energy	c.	to keep food from getting rancid
b.	to calm the horses down	d.	to increase the amount of body fat

45.

Soybean meal, dried milk, cottonseed meal, distillers dried grains, and linseed meal are all

a.	cereal grains	c.	roughage sources
b.	legumes	d.	protein supplements

46.

A commercial feed label usually includes

a.	chemical analysis of contents, recommended amounts, and expiration dates
b.	energy content
c.	guaranteed analysis of contents, ingredient listing, and feeding directions
d.	correlations to age and weight of horses

47.

Which of these options ensures a proper balance of roughage, energy concentrate, vitamins, and minerals?

a.	an open-air paddock with grass	c.	regular feed
b.	a complete feed	d.	alfalfa or other legume hays

48.

The most accurate way to measure a horse’s weight is

a.	weighing the horse on a scale
b.	using the condition scoring system
c.	“eyeballing” it
d.	consulting charts and comparing them to the horse’s height

49.

Which of these sentences accurately describes the advantage of alfalfa blocks over bales of grass hay?

a.	Alfalfa blocks can contain blister beetles
b.	Horses eat alfalfa faster than they do grass hays
c.	Alfalfa blocks are dustier than grass hays
d.	Alfalfa blocks require less storage space and produce less wastage

50.

Two categories of grasses are

a.	major (or macro) and minor (or trace)	c.	annual and perennial
b.	fat soluble and water soluble	d.	roughage and concentrate