True/False
Indicate whether thestatement is true or false. |
| | 1. | Chemical pesticides influencethe appearance of food items. |
Multiple Choice
Identify thechoice that best completes the statement or answers the question. |
| | 2. | An ecosystem includes a bioticcommunity and its... a. | animalassociations | c. | chemicalnature| b. | abiotic environment | d. | plants |
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| | 3. | Photosynthesis is a process bywhich... a. | consumers make their ownfood | | b. | plants use sunlight to break down food | c. | plants transform the suns energy into usable energy(food) | | d. | one plant community is replaced by another overtime |
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| | 4. | Which is not a plant adaptationto abiotic factors in grasslands? a. | production of above and below groundlateral shoots | | b. | thick, woody stems | c. | narrow, vertically arrangedleaves | | d. | most of biomass of plantunderground |
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| | 5. | The most accurate definition ofsoil is... a. | a substance that farmers use thatsupports plant growth | | b. | a group of minerals that are very valuable | c. | a substance that is extracted from oilwells | | d. | a mixture of organic matter, mineral components, water, and air that supportsplant growth |
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| | 6. | Which of the following is not aprocess of weathering which breaks down rocks? a. | wetting | b. hammering | c. | freezing | d. | thawing |
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| | 7. | What percentage of the averagesoil is organic matter? |
| | 8. | An agronomist is primarilyconcerned with what use of soil? a. | acting as a filter for thehydrologic cycle | | b. | construction | | c. | natural beauty | | d. | supporting crop growth |
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| | 9. | The largest of these soilseparates or particles is... a. | clay | b. gravel | c. | sand | d. | silt |
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| | 10. | What soil particle holds waterthe tightest and has the least permeability? a. | clay | b. gravel | c. | sand | d. | silt |
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| | 11. | What are the four texturalclasses in textural triangle? a. | gravel, sand, silt, andclay | c. | sand, silt, clay, andloam | | b. | sand, silt, clay, and wood | d. | sand, silt, clay, and clay |
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| | 12. | Which has the least tendency toform clods, the least moisture holding capacity, and the least fertility? |
| | 13. | Soil structure can be all ofthe following kinds except... a. | crumb | b. grainy | c. | platy | d. | prismatic |
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| | 14. | We can determine soil textureby... a. | using the “Ribbon Test”and by using graduated cylinder | | b. | kicking the soil and watching how it lands | c. | weighing the soil sample | d. | looking at thecolor |
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| | 15. | The best type of soil foragricultural purposes is... a. | clay mixed withgravel | | b. | loam soil with a fair amount of organicmatter | | c. | pure clay soil with a small amount of organicmatter | | d. | sad soil with very little organicmatter |
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| | 16. | Which of the following is aneffect of man-made soil erosion? a. | an increase in the amount of soilerosion due to water velocity | | b. | improper tillage techniques | c. | loss of the best part of thesoil | | d. | loss of vegetation due to lack offertilization |
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| | 17. | Topsoil losses in the UnitedStates are1/8 inch but the restoration rate is... a. | 30-50 years perinch | c. | 75-90 years perinch | | b. | 50-60 years per inch | d. | 400-500 years per inch |
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| | 18. | An example of man-made soilerosion is... a. | glaciers forming rivers and greatlakes | | b. | raindrops wearing rock away to form gullies, canyons, andvalleys | | c. | soil washing off of tilled slopes and overgrazedpastures | | d. | water moving across rocks veryrapidly |
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| | 19. | Soil erosionis... a. | the movement of plants and treesunder the influence of water, wind, ice, and gravity | b. | the movement of water particles under the influence ofwater, wind, ice, or gravity | | c. | the movement of soil particles under the influence of water, wind, ice, orgravity | | d. | when people disturb theenvironment |
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| | 20. | Soil conservation practices inthe United States include... a. | hauling topsoil out of theMississippi River and putting in on nearby farms | b. | tilling all land whether it has too much slope ornot | | c. | using terraces, strip cropping, and no-tillfarming | | d. | urban development on all land no longer suitable forfarming |
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| | 21. | Salinization, alkalization, andwater logging usually occur from... a. | cultivation of poorsoils | | b. | low-input cultivation of crops | c. | improper utilization of sewagesludge | | d. | improper irrigation practices |
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| | 22. | This type of erosion can beresponsible for up to 95% of soil loss due to erosion. a. | gullyerosion | c. | splash erosionb. | sheeterosion | d. | wind erosion |
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| | 23. | Which type of soil conservationreplaces nutrients in soil, and helps to insure vegetative cover? a. | applyingfertilizer | c. | heavilyirrigating| b. | building terraces | d. | preventing soil pollution |
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| | 24. | Which of the following is abenefit of applying animal manure to soil? a. | over application causes excess heavymetals in the soil | | b. | excess salts from over application of manure | c. | manures running into streams andlakes | | d. | increasing organic matter insoils |
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| | 25. | Which of the following is thebest description of class I land? a. | moderately good land that can becultivated and farmed regularly, but has some important limitations | b. | land that may be frequentfloodplain | | c. | very productive land that can be cultivated with minimal erosion controlmeasures | | d. | land that may be severely steep, greater than 30% slope, with severely erodedgullies |
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| | 26. | Which of the following is not abenefit of planting grass on bare soil? a. | prevents raindrops from strikingbare soil and breaking it loose | | b. | keeps all erosion from occurring even in very strongrains | | c. | plant roots tend to held soil in place so that it is less susceptible toerosion | | d. | adding organic matter to soil |
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| | 27. | Which of the following is trueabout wind erosion? a. | wind erosion erodes more soil thanwater erosion in all areas of the United States | b. | winds are able to move large quantities of the soil fromone place to another | | c. | If wind erosion occurs in a certain area that is nothing a land owner can doabout it | | d. | only very strong winds can erodesoil |
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| | 28. | Which of the following is not abenefit of soil organic matter? a. | improves water infiltration intosoil | c. | kills all microorganisms in thesoil | | b. | improves the permeability of soil | d. | improves soil tilth |
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| | 29. | Which of the following is abenefit of crop rotation? a. | Each row acts like a small dam tostop runoff from moving straight downhill | b. | run off is conducted across the slope to some protectedareas | | c. | soil tilth is better maintained | d. | the muddy water is held long enough for the sediment tosettle out in the form of mud |
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| | 30. | Which of the following erosioncontrol measures is more adapted to the farm than in non-farm situation? a. | concretewaterways | c. | sedimentbasins| b. | concrete diversion ditches or berms | d. | strip cropping |
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| | 31. | According to the EPA,agricultural solid waste does not include... a. | cropresidues | c. | certainchemicals| b. | manure | d. | deadanimals |
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| | 32. | A hazardous material isnot... a. | corrosive | c. | reactive | | b. | extinguishable | d. | toxic |
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| | 33. | In natural environments,organic waste materials... a. | are notpresent | c. | pollutestreams| b. | cause toxic fumes | d. | slowly decompose |
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| | 34. | Land reclamation basicallymeans... a. | to declare the landunusable | c. | to put the landback into use| b. | to commence strip mining | d. | to stake a claim on the land |
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| | 35. | A material is not consideredwaste until... a. | it is declaredtoxic | c. | it isincinerated | | b. | it is recycled | d. | it is discarded |
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| | 36. | Most of the solid waste in themunicipal waste stream comes from... a. | aluminum | b. | paper | c. | plastics | d. | yards |
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| | 37. | The strategies known as the“Three R’s,” include... a. | redirect, recycle, and/orrenew | c. | reduce,redirect, and/orrenew | | b. | reduce,renew, and/or recycle | d. | reduce,reuse, and/or recycle |
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| | 38. | Leachateis... a. | a parasite that preys on otheranimals | | b. | another term for total solid waste | c. | contaminated liquid created by decomposing solidwaste | | d. | human bodily waste that has beentreated |
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| | 39. | Two environmentally soundmethods of solid waste disposal are... a. | incineration and sanitarylandfills | | b. | ocean dumping and sanitary landfills | c. | town dumps and sanitarylandfills | | d. | compaction and town dumps |
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| | 40. | Which of the following is notan example of point source pollution? a. | a downstream fishkill | c. | accidental manurespill | | b. | an above ground tank leak | d. | a lagoon over flow |
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| | 41. | nutrients frommanure... a. | are not available for plantuse | c. | are notorganic | | b. | are not always stable in soil | d. | cannot leach into groundwater |
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| | 42. | In addition to nutrients,manure helps soil by... a. | absorbing inorganicchemicals | c. | controllinggrubs| b. | adding organic matter | d. | filling in waterways |
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| | 43. | dried manure can be usedfor... a. | feedadditives | c. | making storagebasins| b. | gravel road beds | d. | run off diversion and control |
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| | 44. | Odor from manure is made worseby... a. | aerobicconditions | c. | anaerobicconditions| b. | aerating lagoons | d. | good planning |
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| | 45. | Which of the following is achange in land-use patterns of a community that occurs as the populationincreases? a. | a community uses more water perday | c. | fewer classrooms arebuilt | | b. | fewer streets are built | d. | less land is required |
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| | 46. | Which of the following is not asoil forming factor? a. | bioticactivity | c. | distance fromwater| b. | climate | d. | parent material |
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| | 47. | Which of the following is not atrue statement about natural disasters? a. | natural disasters are episodes inwhich the processes of nature cause human or animal suffering | b. | population density has no affect on how many people areinjured by natural disasters | | c. | most of the processed that are considered natural disasters have beenoccurring for thousands of years | | d. | hurricanes are considered naturaldisasters |
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| | 48. | Which of the following is not aland-use problem associated with failure to consider slope? a. | areas being covered with hotlava | c. | landslides | | b. | soil erosion | d. | drainage |
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| | 49. | Which of the following itemsare not considered to be a factor which influences the toxicity of chemicals? a. | length ofexposure | c. | frequency ofexposure| b. | absorbed dose | d. | weather conditions |
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| | 50. | Which of the following chemicalelements is not needed to form an organic chemical? a. | chlorine | b. | hydrogen | c. | oxygen | d. | carbon |
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| | 51. | The fatal botulin toxin can befound where? a. | in thesoil | c. | inwater | | b. | in the air | d. | in the rainforest |
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| | 52. | Soap and water can be used tokill insects in the _______ stage. a. | adult | b. egg | c. | larvae | d. | pupae |
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| | 53. | The soap and water mixtureaffects which system of the insect? a. | circulatory | b. | nervous | c. | reproductive | d. | respiratory |
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| | 54. | The signal work“caution” on a label indicated a. | notoxicity | c. | moderatetoxicity| b. | low toxicity | d. | high toxicity |
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| | 55. | The signal word“danger” on a label indicates... a. | notoxicity | c. | moderatetoxicity| b. | low toxicity | d. | high toxicity |
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| | 56. | Which of the following items isnot found n a chemical label? a. | directions | c. | ingredients | | b. | safety tests | d. | precautions |
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| | 57. | How are contaminant residuesgenerally measured in drinking water? a. | parts per thousand(ppt) | c. | parts per billion(ppb) | | b. | parts per million (ppm) | d. | parts per hundred (pph) |
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| | 58. | What percentage of the humanbody is made up of water? |
| | 59. | The abbreviation of LDrepresents what in water quality standards? a. | legaldose | c. | legaldrug | | b. | lethal drug | d. | lethal dose |
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| | 60. | The average American uses______ gallons of water per day? |
| | 61. | The largest consumer of waterused in agricultural practices is... a. | a bulkingingredient | c. | stocktanks| b. | irrigation | d. | food processing |
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| | 62. | Which sphere contains all ofthe plant and animal life on the earth’s surface? a. | hydrosphere | b. | biosphere | c. | atmosphere | d. | lithosphere |
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| | 63. | What three factors have adirect influences on the quality of water? a. | Amount of precipitation,amount ofevaporation,and deforestation | | b. | Deforestation, global warming,and amount ofprecipitation | | c. | Quality of precipitation, deforestation,and precipitation reaction with soiland rocks | | d. | Precipitation reaction with rocks and soil, quality of precipitation,andthe amount of contact of precipitation with surfacecontaminants |
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| | 64. | Which gas is considered to be anatural contaminant of groundwater? a. | Helium | b. Methane | c. | Propane | d. | Hydrogen |
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| | 65. | The natural process of plantsreleasing water into the atmosphere is called... a. | Evaporation | c. | Condensation | | b. | Transpiration | d. | Respiration |
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| | 66. | The process that changes waterfrom a gas to a liquid is called... a. | Condensation | c. | Transportation | | b. | Evaporation | d. | Respiration |
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| | 67. | Air pollutants which adhere toprecipitation and falls to earth is called... a. | Leachate | c. | Leaching | | b. | Acid drainage | d. | Acid rain |
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| | 68. | Of these air pollutants, whichis the most hazardous? a. | Blowing dust from winderosion | | b. | Odors from animal waste | c. | Pesticide aerosol from cropspraying | | d. | Diesel fumes from a tractor in an openfield |
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