Name: 
 

2007 National Environmental & Natural Resources Test



True/False
Indicate whether thestatement is true or false.
 

 1. 

Chemical pesticides influencethe appearance of food items.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify thechoice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 2. 

An ecosystem includes a bioticcommunity and its...
chemicalnature
a.
animalassociations
c.
b.abiotic environmentd.plants
 

 3. 

Photosynthesis is a process bywhich...
a.
consumers make their ownfood
b.plants use sunlight to break down food
c.
plants transform the suns energy into usable energy(food)
d.one plant community is replaced by another overtime
 

 4. 

Which is not a plant adaptationto abiotic factors in grasslands?
a.
production of above and below groundlateral shoots
b.thick, woody stems
c.
narrow, vertically arrangedleaves
d.most of biomass of plantunderground
 

 5. 

The most accurate definition ofsoil is...
a.
a substance that farmers use thatsupports plant growth
b.a group of minerals that are very valuable
c.
a substance that is extracted from oilwells
d.a mixture of organic matter, mineral components, water, and air that supportsplant growth
 

 6. 

Which of the following is not aprocess of weathering which breaks down rocks?
b.
a.
wettinghammeringc.freezingd.thawing
 

 7. 

What percentage of the averagesoil is organic matter?
b.
a.
5%17%c.25%d.45%
 

 8. 

An agronomist is primarilyconcerned with what use of soil?
a.
acting as a filter for thehydrologic cycle
b.construction
c.natural beauty
d.supporting crop growth
 

 9. 

The largest of these soilseparates or particles is...
b.
a.
claygravelc.sandd.silt
 

 10. 

What soil particle holds waterthe tightest and has the least permeability?
b.
a.
claygravelc.sandd.silt
 

 11. 

What are the four texturalclasses in textural triangle?
a.
gravel, sand, silt, andclay
c.
sand, silt, clay, andloam
b.sand, silt, clay, and woodd.sand, silt, clay, and clay
 

 12. 

Which has the least tendency toform clods, the least moisture holding capacity, and the least fertility?
b.
a.
clayloamc.sandd.silt
 

 13. 

Soil structure can be all ofthe following kinds except...
b.
a.
crumbgrainyc.platyd.prismatic
 

 14. 

We can determine soil textureby...
a.
using the “Ribbon Test”and by using graduated cylinder
b.kicking the soil and watching how it lands
c.
weighing the soil sample
d.
looking at thecolor
 

 15. 

The best type of soil foragricultural purposes is...
a.
clay mixed withgravel
b.loam soil with a fair amount of organicmatter
c.pure clay soil with a small amount of organicmatter
d.sad soil with very little organicmatter
 

 16. 

Which of the following is aneffect of man-made soil erosion?
a.
an increase in the amount of soilerosion due to water velocity
b.improper tillage techniques
c.
loss of the best part of thesoil
d.loss of vegetation due to lack offertilization
 

 17. 

Topsoil losses in the UnitedStates are1/8 inch but the restoration rate is...
a.
30-50 years perinch
c.
75-90 years perinch
b.50-60 years per inchd.400-500 years per inch
 

 18. 

An example of man-made soilerosion is...
a.
glaciers forming rivers and greatlakes
b.raindrops wearing rock away to form gullies, canyons, andvalleys
c.soil washing off of tilled slopes and overgrazedpastures
d.water moving across rocks veryrapidly
 

 19. 

Soil erosionis...
a.
the movement of plants and treesunder the influence of water, wind, ice, and gravity
b.
the movement of water particles under the influence ofwater, wind, ice, or gravity
c.the movement of soil particles under the influence of water, wind, ice, orgravity
d.when people disturb theenvironment
 

 20. 

Soil conservation practices inthe United States include...
a.
hauling topsoil out of theMississippi River and putting in on nearby farms
b.
tilling all land whether it has too much slope ornot
c.using terraces, strip cropping, and no-tillfarming
d.urban development on all land no longer suitable forfarming
 

 21. 

Salinization, alkalization, andwater logging usually occur from...
a.
cultivation of poorsoils
b.low-input cultivation of crops
c.
improper utilization of sewagesludge
d.improper irrigation practices
 

 22. 

This type of erosion can beresponsible for up to 95% of soil loss due to erosion.
splash erosion
a.
gullyerosion
c.
b.
sheeterosion
d.
wind erosion
 

 23. 

Which type of soil conservationreplaces nutrients in soil, and helps to insure vegetative cover?
heavilyirrigating
a.
applyingfertilizer
c.
b.building terracesd.preventing soil pollution
 

 24. 

Which of the following is abenefit of applying animal manure to soil?
a.
over application causes excess heavymetals in the soil
b.excess salts from over application of manure
c.
manures running into streams andlakes
d.increasing organic matter insoils
 

 25. 

Which of the following is thebest description of class I land?
a.
moderately good land that can becultivated and farmed regularly, but has some important limitations
b.
land that may be frequentfloodplain
c.very productive land that can be cultivated with minimal erosion controlmeasures
d.land that may be severely steep, greater than 30% slope, with severely erodedgullies
 

 26. 

Which of the following is not abenefit of planting grass on bare soil?
a.
prevents raindrops from strikingbare soil and breaking it loose
b.keeps all erosion from occurring even in very strongrains
c.plant roots tend to held soil in place so that it is less susceptible toerosion
d.adding organic matter to soil
 

 27. 

Which of the following is trueabout wind erosion?
a.
wind erosion erodes more soil thanwater erosion in all areas of the United States
b.
winds are able to move large quantities of the soil fromone place to another
c.If wind erosion occurs in a certain area that is nothing a land owner can doabout it
d.only very strong winds can erodesoil
 

 28. 

Which of the following is not abenefit of soil organic matter?
a.
improves water infiltration intosoil
c.
kills all microorganisms in thesoil
b.improves the permeability of soild.improves soil tilth
 

 29. 

Which of the following is abenefit of crop rotation?
a.
Each row acts like a small dam tostop runoff from moving straight downhill
b.
run off is conducted across the slope to some protectedareas
c.soil tilth is better maintained
d.
the muddy water is held long enough for the sediment tosettle out in the form of mud
 

 30. 

Which of the following erosioncontrol measures is more adapted to the farm than in non-farm situation?
sedimentbasins
a.
concretewaterways
c.
b.concrete diversion ditches or bermsd.strip cropping
 

 31. 

According to the EPA,agricultural solid waste does not include...
certainchemicals
a.
cropresidues
c.
b.manure
d.
deadanimals
 

 32. 

A hazardous material isnot...
a.
corrosivec.reactive
b.extinguishabled.toxic
 

 33. 

In natural environments,organic waste materials...
pollutestreams
a.
are notpresent
c.
b.cause toxic fumesd.slowly decompose
 

 34. 

Land reclamation basicallymeans...
to put the landback into use
a.
to declare the landunusable
c.
b.to commence strip miningd.to stake a claim on the land
 

 35. 

A material is not consideredwaste until...
a.
it is declaredtoxic
c.
it isincinerated
b.it is recycledd.it is discarded
 

 36. 

Most of the solid waste in themunicipal waste stream comes from...
a.
aluminumb.paperc.plasticsd.yards
 

 37. 

The strategies known as the“Three R’s,” include...
a.
redirect, recycle, and/orrenew
c.
reduce,redirect, and/orrenew
b.reduce,renew, and/or recycled.reduce,reuse, and/or recycle
 

 38. 

Leachateis...
a.
a parasite that preys on otheranimals
b.another term for total solid waste
c.
contaminated liquid created by decomposing solidwaste
d.human bodily waste that has beentreated
 

 39. 

Two environmentally soundmethods of solid waste disposal are...
a.
incineration and sanitarylandfills
b.ocean dumping and sanitary landfills
c.
town dumps and sanitarylandfills
d.compaction and town dumps
 

 40. 

Which of the following is notan example of point source pollution?
a.
a downstream fishkill
c.
accidental manurespill
b.an above ground tank leakd.a lagoon over flow
 

 41. 

nutrients frommanure...
a.
are not available for plantuse
c.
are notorganic
b.are not always stable in soild.cannot leach into groundwater
 

 42. 

In addition to nutrients,manure helps soil by...
controllinggrubs
a.
absorbing inorganicchemicals
c.
b.adding organic matterd.filling in waterways
 

 43. 

dried manure can be usedfor...
making storagebasins
a.
feedadditives
c.
b.gravel road bedsd.run off diversion and control
 

 44. 

Odor from manure is made worseby...
anaerobicconditions
a.
aerobicconditions
c.
b.aerating lagoonsd.good planning
 

 45. 

Which of the following is achange in land-use patterns of a community that occurs as the populationincreases?
a.
a community uses more water perday
c.
fewer classrooms arebuilt
b.fewer streets are builtd.less land is required
 

 46. 

Which of the following is not asoil forming factor?
distance fromwater
a.
bioticactivity
c.
b.climated.parent material
 

 47. 

Which of the following is not atrue statement about natural disasters?
a.
natural disasters are episodes inwhich the processes of nature cause human or animal suffering
b.
population density has no affect on how many people areinjured by natural disasters
c.most of the processed that are considered natural disasters have beenoccurring for thousands of years
d.hurricanes are considered naturaldisasters
 

 48. 

Which of the following is not aland-use problem associated with failure to consider slope?
a.
areas being covered with hotlava
c.
landslides
b.soil erosiond.drainage
 

 49. 

Which of the following itemsare not considered to be a factor which influences the toxicity of chemicals?
frequency ofexposure
a.
length ofexposure
c.
b.absorbed dosed.weather conditions
 

 50. 

Which of the following chemicalelements is not needed to form an organic chemical?
a.
chlorineb.hydrogenc.oxygend.carbon
 

 51. 

The fatal botulin toxin can befound where?
a.
in thesoil
c.
inwater
b.in the aird.in the rainforest
 

 52. 

Soap and water can be used tokill insects in the _______ stage.
b.
a.
adulteggc.larvaed.pupae
 

 53. 

The soap and water mixtureaffects which system of the insect?
a.
circulatoryb.nervousc.reproductived.respiratory
 

 54. 

The signal work“caution” on a label indicated
moderatetoxicity
a.
notoxicity
c.
b.low toxicityd.high toxicity
 

 55. 

The signal word“danger” on a label indicates...
moderatetoxicity
a.
notoxicity
c.
b.low toxicityd.high toxicity
 

 56. 

Which of the following items isnot found n a chemical label?
a.
directionsc.ingredients
b.safety testsd.precautions
 

 57. 

How are contaminant residuesgenerally measured in drinking water?
a.
parts per thousand(ppt)
c.
parts per billion(ppb)
b.parts per million (ppm)d.parts per hundred (pph)
 

 58. 

What percentage of the humanbody is made up of water?
b.
a.
30%65%c.75%d.90%
 

 59. 

The abbreviation of LDrepresents what in water quality standards?
a.
legaldose
c.
legaldrug
b.lethal drugd.lethal dose
 

 60. 

The average American uses______ gallons of water per day?
b.
a.
5090c.100d.200
 

 61. 

The largest consumer of waterused in agricultural practices is...
stocktanks
a.
a bulkingingredient
c.
b.irrigationd.food processing
 

 62. 

Which sphere contains all ofthe plant and animal life on the earth’s surface?
a.
hydrosphereb.biospherec.atmosphered.lithosphere
 

 63. 

What three factors have adirect influences on the quality of water?
a.
Amount of precipitation,amount ofevaporation,and deforestation
b.Deforestation, global warming,and amount ofprecipitation
c.Quality of precipitation, deforestation,and precipitation reaction with soiland rocks
d.Precipitation reaction with rocks and  soil, quality of precipitation,andthe amount of contact of precipitation with surfacecontaminants
 

 64. 

Which gas is considered to be anatural contaminant of groundwater?
b.
a.
HeliumMethanec.Propaned.Hydrogen
 

 65. 

The natural process of plantsreleasing water into the atmosphere is called...
a.
Evaporationc.Condensation
b.Transpirationd.Respiration
 

 66. 

The process that changes waterfrom a gas to a liquid is called...
a.
Condensationc.Transportation
b.Evaporationd.Respiration
 

 67. 

Air pollutants which adhere toprecipitation and falls to earth is called...
a.
Leachatec.Leaching
b.Acid drainaged.Acid rain
 

 68. 

Of these air pollutants, whichis the most hazardous?
a.
Blowing dust from winderosion
b.Odors from animal waste
c.
Pesticide aerosol from cropspraying
d.Diesel fumes from a tractor in an openfield
 



 
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