Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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What is ecology?
a. | a complex network of living and nonliving organisms | b. | the branch of
science dealing with relationships of nonliving organisms | c. | the branch of
science dealing with the complex relationships among living things and their
environment | d. | the branch of science dealing with only natural
resources |
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2.
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Ecosystems are:
a. | complex relationships among living things and their environment | b. | complex
relationships among non living organisms | c. | natural resources | d. | complex networks of
living and nonliving organisms in which each organisms may be affected by the
others |
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3.
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A food chain:
a. | consists of animals feeding on each other | b. | consists of only
producers | c. | is the sequence of organisms by which food (energy) passes | d. | consists only of
nonliving organisms by which living organisms feed |
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4.
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The majority of carbon found in the air is in what form?
a. | carbon dioxide (CO2) | c. | pure carbon | b. | carbon found in
microorganisms | d. | carbon is
never found in the air |
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5.
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Plants that undergo the process of nitrogen-fixing by absorbing nitrogen gas
(N2) and converting it to nitrates are called_______.
a. | legumes | c. | warm season grasses | b. | cool season grasses | d. | nitrators |
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6.
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Nitrates are used in making_______ which are the building blocks of
protein.
a. | grasses | b. | amino acids | c. | roots | d. | muscles |
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7.
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An ecosystem includes biotic community and its____________.
a. | animal associations | c. | chemical nature | b. | abiotic environment | d. | plants |
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8.
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Photosynthesis is a process by which________.
a. | consumers make their own food | b. | plants use sunlight to break down
food | c. | plants transform the sun’s energy into usable energy ( food
) | d. | one plant community is replaced by another over time |
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9.
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A community refers to the part of an ecosystem including:
a. | the animals in one place | b. | all the living organisms and how they
interact | c. | the physical environment | d. | the abiotic
organisms |
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10.
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______ breakdown waste products and organisms that have died into chemical
substances that are released into the environment
a. | Food chains | b. | Producers | c. | Consumers | d. | Decomposers |
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11.
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The predictable and gradual change from one community with the passage of time
is called ______.
a. | ecological change | c. | ecosystem drift | b. | community change | d. | ecological
succession |
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12.
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Consumers _______.
a. | manufacture their own food by participating in food chains/webs | b. | cannot make their
own food | c. | are the beginning of any food chain | d. | outnumber the producers in the
world |
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13.
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Which is not a key ingredient of soil?
a. | organic matter | c. | minerals | b. | hemoglobin | d. | air |
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14.
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Highly degraded soil organic matter is/are known as_________.
a. | humus | c. | microbial soil | b. | soil beginnings | d. | pedogenisis |
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15.
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Which has the least tendency to form clods, the least moisture holding capacity,
and the least fertility?
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16.
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It is important for agricultural production soil to be granular for what
purpose?
a. | it is more attractive crop ground | b. | it is better for building structures
on | c. | for root penetration and permeability | d. | soil structure is not important for
agricultural production |
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17.
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An example of geological soil erosion is_______.
a. | glaciers forming rivers, leveling mountains, filing valleys, forming lakes, and
depending soil. | b. | water washing off of a field because soil was plowed on a slope | c. | loss of plants due
to lake of water | d. | a shortage in food due to poor soil fertility |
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18.
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This type of erosion can be responsible for up to 95% of soil loss due to
erosion.
a. | splash erosion | c. | gully erosion | b. | sheet erosion | d. | wind erosion |
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19.
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Which of the following classes of land is most suited for row crop
production?
a. | Class II land | c. | Class VII land | b. | Class V land | d. | Class VIII land |
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20.
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Municipal solid waste includes all of the following except:
a. | Commercial Solid Waste | b. | Hazardous Waste | c. | Residential Solid
Waste | d. | Industrial Solid Waste |
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21.
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What is the relationship of municipal solid waste to residential waste?
a. | residential waste contains municipal waste | b. | municipal waste
contains residential waste | c. | there is no relationship | d. | the terms are
synonymous |
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22.
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According to the EPA, agricultural solid waste does not include________.
a. | crop residues | c. | certain chemicals | b. | manure | d. | dead animals |
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23.
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Most of the solid waste in the municipal waste stream comes from________.
a. | paper | b. | plastics | c. | yard waste | d. | aluminum |
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24.
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Leachate is _______.
a. | a parasite that preys on other animals | b. | another term for total solid
waste | c. | contaminated liquid created by decomposing solid waste | d. | human bodily waste
that has been treated |
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25.
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The main federal agencies that establish agricultural guidelines for water
quality are______.
a. | Department of Agriculture and the Environmental Preservation
Agency | b. | Department of Agriculture and the Soil Conservation Corps | c. | Environmental
Protection Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers | d. | National Farmers’ Organization and The
Nature Conservancy |
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26.
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Which of the following is a change in land-use patterns of a community that
occurs as the population increase?
a. | less land is required | b. | fewer streets are built | c. | a community uses
more water per day | d. | fewer classrooms are
built |
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27.
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Which of the following is an agricultural use of land?
a. | building highways | b. | wildlife areas | c. | national defense
areas | d. | pasture for hay and grazing |
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28.
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Which of the following is non-agricultural use of land?
a. | building of railroad rights of ways | b. | forestry and woodlands | c. | farmsteads and
service areas | d. | planting crops on land |
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29.
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Soil organic matter is measured in which of the following units?
a. | ounces | b. | inches | c. | percentages | d. | pounds |
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30.
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Depth of soil surface is important for which of the following reasons?
a. | shallow surface soil holds structure | b. | water cannot drain through deep surface
soils | c. | root development occurs in the upper 12 inches of soil | d. | depth of surface
soil is not important |
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31.
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Soil formation is affected by which of the following factors?
a. | traffic intensity | b. | color | c. | uses | d. | climate |
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32.
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Which of the following chemical elements is NOT needed to from an organic
chemical?
a. | chlorine | b. | hydrogen | c. | oxygen | d. | carbon |
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33.
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One of the first synthetic insecticides was derived from a naturally occurring
chemical found in__?
a. | fescue grass | c. | tobacco | b. | black nightshade | d. | rhubarb |
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34.
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The signal word “caution” on label indicates__________.
a. | no toxicity | c. | moderate toxicity | b. | low toxicity | d. | high toxicity |
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35.
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The signal word “danger” on a label indicates_________.
a. | moderate toxicity | c. | no toxicity | b. | low toxicity | d. | high toxicity |
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36.
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Residue tolerance are established by the EPA under the authority of which
federal provision?
a. | Clean Water Act | b. | Hazardous Substances Act | c. | Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Robenticide Act | d. | Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic
Act |
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37.
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Which federal provision established labeling requirement on all household
products containing hazardous ingredients?
a. | Hazardous Substance Act | b. | Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act | c. | Clean Water Act | d. | Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act |
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38.
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How are contaminant residues generally measured in drinking water?
a. | parts per thousand (ppt) | c. | parts per billion
(ppb) | b. | parts per million (ppm) | d. | parts per hundred (pph) |
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39.
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Leachate is hazardous byproduct produced by_________.
a. | mining | c. | agricultural practices | b. | sanitary
landfills | d. | sewer
systems |
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40.
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Air pollutants which adhere to precipitation and falls to the earth is
called_____.
a. | leaching | b. | acid draining | c. | leachate | d. | acid
rain |
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41.
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What was the first governmental entity to enforce federal policy concerning
water quality and protection?
a. | Army Corps of Engineers | b. | Environmental Protection
Agency | c. | Department of Interior | d. | Department of
Agriculture |
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42.
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The Environmental Protection Agency or EPA was formed in what year?
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43.
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The Clean Water Act was passed by Congress in what year?
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44.
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What criteria air pollutant is responsible for the dark color of smoke?
a. | ozone | c. | carbon monoxide | b. | particulate matter | d. | lead |
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45.
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What part of the human body typically absorbs the largest amount of air
pollution?
a. | skin | b. | ears | c. | nose | d. | lungs |
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46.
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Which of the following is considered the largest contributor to the problem of
acid precipitation?
a. | sulfur dioxide | c. | ozone | b. | nitrogen oxide | d. | automobiles |
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47.
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Neutral is pH 7 on the pH scale. Acidic rain is considered to be_______.
a. | pH of 8 up to 14 | b. | pH of 7 and below | c. | pH of
5.6 | d. | pH of 5.5 or less |
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48.
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The major source of acid deposition has been attributed to________.
a. | transportation | b. | industrial processes | c. | coal-burning power
plants | d. | automobile emissions |
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49.
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What was the result when coal-fired power plants built taller smoke
stacks?
a. | the solution to pollution was dilution | b. | acid rain decreased | c. | acid deposition
spread over hundreds of miles | d. | emissions were eliminated by
50% |
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50.
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Which of the following toxic
substances do not dissolve or suspend in water?
a. | heavy metals
| b. | plastic | c. | oil | d. | antifreeze |
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