Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that
best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Ecosystems
are.....
a. | complex relationships among living
things and their environment. | b. | complex relationships among nonliving
organisms. | c. | natural resources. | d. | complex networks of living and nonliving organisms in
which each organism may be affected by the others. |
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2.
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Which of the following comes
from the environment?
a. | clothing | b. | food | c. | medicine | d. | all of these come from the
environment |
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3.
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Which of the following is an
exhaustible resource?
a. | the
atmosphere | b. | forest | c. | solar energy | d. | water being replenished by the hydrologic
system |
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4.
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Which of the following is a
non-exhaustible resource?
a. | fish and
wildlife | c. | soil | b. | forest | d. | solar
energy |
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5.
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Renewable resources
are....
a. | any material that provides
energy. | c. | not natural
resources | b. | irreplaceable. | d. | replaceable |
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6.
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The primary source of food
energy in a food chain comes from....
a. | consumers. | b. | decomposers. | c. | producers. | d. | water. |
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7.
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A food
chain....
a. | consists of animals feeding on each
other. | b. | consists of only producers. | c. | is the sequence of organisms through which food (energy)
passes. | d. | consists only of nonliving organisms by which living organisms
feed. |
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8.
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A food web is different from a
food chain because.....
a. | animals eat plants in a food web and
they do not in a food chain. | b. | a food web is a combination of several food
chains. | c. | decomposers eat animals in a food chain but not in a food
web. | d. | a food web and a food chain are the same
thing. |
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9.
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Carbon is returned to the
atmosphere through....
a. | the burning of fossil
fuels. | b. | carbon is completely used and never returns to the
environment | c. | respiration of producers, consumers, and
decomposers. | d. | the water cycle |
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10.
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The process of bacteria
changing dead organisms into ammonia, then to nitrites, and finally to nitrates useful to plants is
called ____________
a. | ammonification | c. | nitrification | b. | electrolysis | d. | photosynthesis |
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11.
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Plants that undergo the process
of nitrogen-fixing by absorbing nitrogen gas (N2) and converting it to nitrates are called
_______
a. | cool season
grasses | c. | nitrators | b. | legumes | d. | warm season grasses |
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12.
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An ecosystem includes a biotic
community and its....
a. | animal
associations | c. | chemical
nature | b. | abiotic environment | d. | plants |
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13.
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The organisms unable to
manufacture their own food are called.....
a. | consumers | b. | decomposers | c. | producers | d. | providers |
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14.
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The most important factor
determining how many and what types of organisms live in an ecosystem is the
available....
a. | energy | b. | soil | c. | temperature | d. | water |
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15.
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Abiotic factors influencing
ecosystems include....
a. | food chains and the loss of heat at
each step | b. | producers,consumers,and decomposers | c. | the living parts of an
ecosystem | d. | water,soil,air,climate,and space |
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16.
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The predictable and gradual
change from one community with the passage of time is called....
a. | community
change | c. | ecosystem
drift | b. | ecological change | d. | ecological succession |
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17.
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The gradual transformation of a
pond into a bottomland forest over the passage of years is an example of....
a. | a community rather than an
ecosystem | b. | ecological succession | c. | ecological
transformation | d. | limiting factors |
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18.
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Which is not an example of a
grassland ecosystem found in the United States?
a. | desert
grasslands | c. | tall-grass
prairie | b. | mixed grass prairie | d. | tundra |
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19.
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Fire is an important factor in
maintaining grasslands because it....
a. | burns up all the
nutrients | c. | leaves behind
litter | b. | damages roots of grass species | d. | serves to weaken competing trees |
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20.
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The most accurate definition of
soil is.....
a. | a group of minerals that are very
valuable | b. | a mixture of organic matter, mineral components, water, and air that supports
plant growth | c. | a substance that is extracted from oil wells | d. | a substance that farmers use that supports plant
growth |
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21.
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Highly degraded soil organic
matter is/are known as....
a. | humus | c. | microbial soil | b. | pedogenisis | d. | soil beginnings |
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22.
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Which of the following is a
function of soil as a medium for plant growth?
a. | serving as an aggregate for asphalt
and concrete | b. | serving as a road bed | c. | supplying water to roots | d. | supplying material for land
fills |
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23.
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Before the ingredients of soil
are broken down and form soil they are known as....
a. | felsic
mix | c. | parent
material | b. | organic minerals | d. | presoil mix |
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24.
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What process is occurring when
freezing and thawing of water break down rocks?
a. | construction
| c. | weathering | b. | photosynthesis | d. | regeneration |
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25.
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What soil particle holds water
the tightest and has the least permeability?
a. | clay | b. | gravel | c. | sand | d. | silt |
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26.
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Which has the least tendency to
form clods, the least moisture holding capacity, and the least fertility?
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27.
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The best type of soil for
agricultural purposes is....
a. | clay mixed with
gravel | b. | loam soil with a fair amount of organic
matter | c. | pure clay soil with a small amount of organic
matter | d. | sand soil with very little organic
matter |
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28.
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An example of geological soil
erosion is....
a. | glaciers forming rivers, leveling
mountains, filling valleys, forming lakes, and depositing soil | b. | loss of plants due to lake of
water | c. | a shortage in food due to poor soil
fertility | d. | water washing off of a field because soil was plowed on a
slope |
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29.
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An example of man-made soil
erosion is....
a. | glaciers forming rivers and great
lakes | b. | raindrops wearing rock away to for gullies, canyons, and
valleys | c. | soil washing off of tilled slopes and overgrazed
pastures | d. | water moving across rocks very
rapidly |
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30.
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Which of the following is an
effect of man-made soil erosion?
a. | an increase in the amount of soil
erosion due to water velocity | b. | improper tillage techniques | c. | loss of the best part of the
soil | d. | loss of vegetation due to lack of
fertilization |
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31.
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Some soil erosion can be
prevented by....
a. | cutting away all vegetation from the
soil | b. | no-till farming, using terraces, and constructing grass
waterways | c. | putting metal stakes around the edges of
fields | d. | tilling up and down hills rather than around
them |
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32.
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Which of the following is not a
process of soil degradation?
a. | nitrogen
fixation | c. | soil
erosion | b. | salinization | d. | soil pollution |
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33.
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Which of the following is not a
benefit of agricultural chemicals?
a. | killing insects that destroy
crops | b. | killing weeds that are harmful to crops | c. | leaching of chemicals into
groundwater | d. | supplying nutrients needed by
crops |
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34.
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What is the purpose of adding
calcium carbonate to soil?
a. | to improve the structure of the
soil | b. | to increase the pH of soil (decrease
acidity) | c. | to prevent erosion by working as an adhesive to
soil | d. | to replace nitrogen of soil |
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35.
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What is the primary problem of
applying sewage sludge to land?
a. | most sewage sludge is too
acidic | b. | sewage sludge decreases organic matter in
soil | c. | some sewage sludge may contain heavy metals | d. | sewage sludge is hard to transport because it is
heavy |
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36.
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What is the purpose of using
impermeable clays in constructing landfills?
a. | impermeable clays do not settle as
much as other clays | b. | impermeable clays are easier to find then other types of
clays | c. | impermeable clays are more conducive to plant
growth | d. | to prevent leaching of household chemicals into
groundwater |
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37.
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Which of the following is a
benefit of applying animal manure to soil?
a. | excess salts from over application
of manure | b. | increasing organic matter in soils | c. | manures running into streams and
lakes | d. | over application causes excess heavy metals in the
soil |
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38.
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Which of the following classes
of land is most suitable for row crop production?
a. | Class II
land | c. | Class VII
land | b. | Class V land | d. | Class VIII land |
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39.
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Which of the following is true
about wind erosion?
a. | if wind erosion occurs in a certain
area there is nothing a land owner can do about it | b. | Only very strong winds can erode
soil | c. | Winds are able to move large quantities of the soil from one place to
another | d. | Wind erosion erodes more soil than water erosion in all areas of the United
States |
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40.
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Which of the following is
considered a vegetative erosion control?
a. | conservation
tillage | c. | crop
rotation | b. | contour farming | d. | diversion ditches or beams |
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41.
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Which of the following is not a
method of controlling wind caused erosion?
a. | conservation
tillage | c. | grassed
waterways | b. | contour farming | d. | shelter belts |
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42.
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Which of the following is a
benefit of crop rotation?
a. | Each row acts like a small dam to
stop runoff from moving straight downhill | b. | Runoff is conducted across the slope to some protected
areas | c. | Soil tilth is better maintained | d. | The muddy water is held long enough for the sediment to
settle out in the form of mud.. |
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43.
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Which of the following erosion
control measures is more adapted to the farm than in non-farm situation?
a. | concrete
waterways | c. | sediment
basins | b. | concrete diversion ditches or berms | d. | strip cropping |
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44.
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According to the EPA,
agricultural solid waste does not include.....
a. | certain
chemicals | c. | dead
animals | b. | crop residues | d. | manure |
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45.
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A material is not considered
waste until....
a. | it is declared
toxic | c. | it is
incinerated | b. | it is discarded | d. | it is recycled |
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46.
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Humus can be used as fertilizer
and comes from....
a. | decomposing organic
waste | b. | domestic mushrooms | c. | human bodily waste | d. | the incineration
process |
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47.
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Two environmentally sound
methods of solid waste disposal are....
a. | compaction and town
dumps | b. | incineration and sanitary landfills | c. | ocean dumping and sanitary
landfills | d. | town dumps and sanitary
landfills |
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48.
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All of the following types of
energy may be obtained from solid waste except
a. | Biomass
fuels | c. | Leachate | b. | Electricity | d. | Methane |
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49.
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An energy recovery
facility....
a. | cleans used motor oil for reuse in
engines | b. | produces energy while burning solid waste | c. | recovers wasted electricity from
households | d. | recovers recyclables from
landfills |
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50.
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Which of the following is not
an example of point source pollution?
a. | An above ground tank
leak | b. | Accidental manure spill | c. | A downstream fish kill | d. | A lagoon over
flow |
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51.
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All of the following are
important nutrients of manure except
a. | nitrogen
| b. | methane | c. | phosphorous | d. | potassium |
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52.
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Which of the following is a
manure treatment system?
a. | Anaerobic
lagoon | c. | Solid manure
stack | b. | Earth bank storage | d. | Underground pit |
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53.
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All of the following byproducts
of manure have the potential for polluting water except
a. | bacteria | b. | nitrates | c. | oxygen | d. | zinc |
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54.
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Nutrients from
manure.....
a. | are not available for plant
use | c. | are not
organic | b. | are not always stable in soil | d. | cannot leach into groundwater |
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55.
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Dried manure can be used
for....
a. | feed
additives | c. | making storage
basins | b. | gravel road beds | d. | runoff diversion and control |
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56.
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The fatal botulin toxin can be
found where?
a. | in the
air | c. | in the
soil | b. | in the rainforest | d. | in water |
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57.
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Which of the following chemical
elements is not needed to form an organic chemical?
a. | carbon | b. | chlorine | c. | hydrogen | d. | oxygen |
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58.
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Which of the following items
are not considered to be a factor which influences the toxicity of chemicals?
a. | absorbed
dose | c. | length of
exposure | b. | frequency of exposure | d. | weather conditions |
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59.
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Which of the following plants
does not contain a toxic chemical which is fatal to livestock?
a. | black
nightshade | c. | timothy | b. | black cherry tree | d. | no plants are toxic to livestock |
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