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Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. |
| | 1. | What is ecology? | a. | a complex network of living and nonliving organisms. | | b. | the branch of science dealing with the complex relationships of nonliving organisms. | | c. | the branch of science dealing with the complex relationships among living things and their environment. | | d. | the branch of science dealing only with natural recourses. | | | | |
| | 2. | Ecosystems are...... | a. | complex relationships among living things and their environment. | | b. | complex relationships among nonliving things. | | c. | natural recourses. | | d. | complex networks of living and nonliving organisms in which each organisms in which each organism may be affected be the others. | | | | |
| | 3. | A food chain .... | a. | consists of animals feeding on each other. | | b. | consists of only producers. | | c. | in the sequence of organisms through which food (energy)passes. | | d. | consists any of nonliving organisms by which living organisms feed. | | | | |
| | 4. | Water cycles through the hydraulic cycle in the order. | a. | condensation-soaking into the ground-condensation-transpiration. | | b. | transpiration-soaking into the ground-evaporation-soaking into the ground. | | c. | evaporation and transpiration-condensation-precipitation-soaking into the ground. | | d. | plant absorption and run off-soaking into the ground-precipitation. | | | | |
| | 5. | Nitrate are used in making _________ which are the building blocks of protein. | a. | grasses | b. | amino acids | c. | roots | d. | muscles | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 6. | The process of bacteria changing dead organisms to ammonia, then to nitrites, and finally to nitrites useful to plants is called ________. | a. | photosynthesis | b. | electrolysis | c. | nitrification | d. | ammonification | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 7. | How are ecosystems and biotic communities different? | a. | Ecosystems and communities are the same thing. | | b. | A community is a system if only living organisms, but an ecosystem is a system of living and nonliving factors. | | c. | They are both subject to alterations by humans. | | d. | A community is a system of living and nonliving factors but an ecosystem is a system of only living organisms. | | | | |
| | 8. | Which of the following is usually the most limiting factor to life in an ecosystem? | a. | clean air | b. | water | c. | soil | d. | solar energy | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 9. | Which of these agricultural practices has made it possible to meet the world food demands ? | a. | the creation of wetlands | | b. | deforestation to make room for cultivation. | | c. | use of fertilizers and improved genetics. | | d. | food production demand has actually decreased in the last years. | | | | |
| | 10. | Which of these medical practices has had the greatest impact in reducing death rates ? | a. | the practice of bleeding patients to remove contaminated blood. | | b. | The practice of routine vaccinations for known diseases. | | c. | Advancements in the area of brain surgery. | | d. | The practice of artificial insemination. | | | | |
| | 11. | _________gases and depletion of the _________are what support the theory of global warning. | a. | vehicle; ozone | c. | greenhouse; ozone | | b. | neon; lithosphere | d. | animal; infrared | | | | | | |
| | 12. | Which of the following are leading groundwater contaminates ? | a. | sewage and wastes | c. | car exhaust and oil spills | | b. | nitrates and pesticides | d. | cattle and hog wastes | | | | | | |
| | 13. | Which of the following is a positive impact of animal production on the environment? | a. | methane gas production. | | b. | clearing of forest for more animal production area. | | c. | Replenishing grassland through grazing and manures. | | d. | Clogging of water ways. | | | | |
| | 14. | What is no-till crop production? | a. | preparing a good seedbed for crops. | | b. | plowing ground, but not discing. | | c. | discing ground prior to planting. | | d. | the planting of seeds in the previous year’s crop residue. | | | | |
| | 15. | IPM (Integrated Pest Management ) does not utilize which of the following practices? | a. | the use of biological organisms to combat harmful pests. | | b. | The use of chemicals to kill pests as frequently as possible. | | c. | A rotation of crops to kill specific pests. | | d. | Scouting of pests to determine the type of pest and extent of damage. | | | | |
| | 16. | Which of the following is not an alternative fuel? | a. | ethanol | b. | gasohol | c. | diesel | d. | soy diesel | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 17. | Photosynthesis is a process be which..... | a. | consumers make their own food. | | b. | plants use sunlight to break down food. | | c. | plants transform the sun’s energy into usable energy (food). | | d. | One plant community is replaced by another over time. | | | | |
| | 18. | The most accurate definition of soil is..... | a. | A substance that farmers use that to supports plant growth. | | b. | A group of minerals that are very valuable. | | c. | A substance that is extracted from oil wells. | | d. | A mixture of organic matter, mineral components, water, and air that supports plant growth. | | | | |
| | 19. | What percentage of the average soil is organic matter? | a. | 45% | b. | 5% | c. | 25% | d. | 17% | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 20. | What soil particle holds water the tightest and has the least permeability? | a. | gravel | b. | sand | c. | silt | d. | clay | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 21. | Soil erosion is..... | a. | the movement of plants and trees under the influence of water, wind, ice, or gravity. | | b. | the movement of water particles under the influence of water, wind, ice, or gravity. | | c. | the movement of soil particles under the influence of water, wind, ice, or gravity. | | d. | when people disturb the environment. | | | | |
| | 22. | Topsoil losses in the United States are 1/8 inch but the restoration rate is..... | a. | 30-50 years per inch | c. | 75-90 years per inch | | b. | 50-60 years per inch | d. | 400-500 years per inch | | | | | | |
| | 23. | What is the purpose of using impermeable clays in constructing land-fills? | a. | Impermeable clays do not settle as much as other clays. | | b. | To prevent leaching of household chemicals into groundwater. | | c. | Impermeable clays are more conductive to plant growth. | | d. | Impermeable clays are easier to find than other types of clays. | | | | |
| | 24. | Which of the following is not a government agency associated with soil. | a. | The Federal Bureau of Intelligence. | | b. | The United States Forestry Service | | c. | The Natural recourses Conservation Service | | d. | The Agriculture Stabilization and Conservation Service | | | | |
| | 25. | Which of the following is the best description of Class I land? | a. | Moderately good land that can be cultivated and farmed Regularly, but has some important limitations. | | b. | Land that may be in a frequent floodplain. | | c. | Very productive land that can be cultivated with minimal erosion control measures. | | d. | Land that may be severely steep, greater than 30% slope, with eroded gullies. | | | | |
| | 26. | According to the EPA, agricultural waste does not include.... | a. | Crop residues | c. | Certain chemicals | | b. | Manure | d. | Dead animals | | | | | | |
| | 27. | Foods that shouldn’t be placed in a compost heap include..... | a. | potatoes peels | b. | meats | c. | coffee grounds | d. | eggshells | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 28. | All of the following types of energy may be obtained from solid waste except: | a. | Methane | b. | Electricity | c. | Leachate | d. | Biomass fuels | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 29. | Two results of decomposition in a sanitary landfill are..... | a. | methane and leachate | c. | photosynthesis and leachate | | b. | earthworms and humans | d. | oxygen and helium | | | | | | |
| | 30. | Which action will not directly contaminate groundwater? | a. | Runoff from years and gardens | | b. | Incinerations of domestic waste | | c. | Roadside dumping of large appliances | | d. | Pouring used motor oil into a storm sewer | | | | |
| | 31. | Which of the following is not an example of point course pollution? | a. | A downstream fish kill | c. | Accidental manure spill | | b. | An above ground tank leak | d. | A lagoon overflow | | | | | | |
| | 32. | The main federal agencies that establish agricultural guidelines for water quality are..... | a. | Department of Agricultural and the Environmental Preservation Agency | | b. | Department of commerce and the Soil Conservation Corps | | c. | Environmental Protection Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers | | d. | National Farmers’ Organization and The Nature Conservancy | | | | |
| | 33. | In addition to nutrients, manure helps soil by..... | a. | adding organic matter | c. | filling in waterways | | b. | controlling grubs | d. | absorbing inorganic chemicals | | | | | | |
| | 34. | Which of the following is an example of alternative land use? | a. | Using a field for horticultural production that was previously used as a wildfire refuge. | | b. | Draining a wetland so that a shopping center may be build in its place. | | c. | Converting a river bottom to a wetland for endangered water fowl that has been used for crop production for several years. | | d. | All of these are correct. | | | | |
| | 35. | Most of the botulism cases reported in the United States are created by __________. | a. | Commercial canned fruits and vegetables | | b. | home preserved fruits and vegetables | | c. | commercial canned meats | | d. | commercial cooked food items | | | | |
| | 36. | Once a pesticide container is emptied, it should be rinsed out a least _______ time(s). | a. | one | b. | two | c. | three | d. | four | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 37. | The signal word “danger” on a label indicates __________. | a. | no toxicity | c. | moderate toxicity | | b. | low toxicity | d. | high toxicity | | | | | | |
| | 38. | A certified pesticide applicator can _________ . | a. | purchased “general-use” products only | | b. | apply “general-use” products only | | c. | apply and purchase “restricted-use” products | | d. | apply and purchase “general-use” products | | | | |
| | 39. | What percentage of Americans receive water from public water systems? | a. | 65% | b. | 75% | c. | 85% | d. | 95% | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 40. | Eighty-five percent of the irrigated land in the United States is located in _______ states. |
| | 41. | How many gallons does it take to flood one acre, a foot deep (million acre-feet)? | a. | 320,828 | b. | 325,828 | c. | 328,828 | d. | 330,828 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 42. | What percentage of the human body is made up of water? | a. | 30% | b. | 65% | c. | 75% | d. | 90% | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 43. | The average American uses ________ gallons of water per day. | a. | 50 | b. | 90 | c. | 100 | d. | 200 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 44. | The natural process of plants releasing water into the atmosphere is called __________. | a. | evaporation | b. | transpiration | c. | condensation | d. | respiration | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 45. | Air pollutants which adhere to precipitation and falls to the earth is called..... | a. | leachate | b. | acid drainage | c. | leaching | d. | acid rain | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 46. | Which method of disposal is the proper way to dispose of hazardous household chemicals? | a. | flush chemicals down the toilet | | b. | pour chemicals down the drain | | c. | put chemicals in landfills | | d. | dispose of chemicals at community hazardous waste retrieval events | | | | |
| | 47. | All municipalities must have at least which phase of waste treatment implemented to meet federal regulations? | a. | primary | b. | secondary | c. | tertiary | d. | slurry | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 48. | What hazardous pollutant is most toxic to human lungs? | a. | asbestos | b. | mercury | c. | arsenic | d. | benzene | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 49. | Of these air pollutants, which is the most hazardous? | a. | blowing dust from wind erosion | | b. | odors from animal waste | | c. | pesticide aerosol from crop spraying | | d. | diesel fumes from a tractor in an open | | | | |
| | 50. | What is the decibel (dB) threshold of pain for most people? | a. | 120 dB | b. | 130 dB | c. | 140 dB | d. | 150 dB | | | | | | | | | | |