True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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Forests cover three-fourths of
the earth’s surface.
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2.
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Forests cover about one-third
of the continental United States.
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3.
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Forestry is the science of the
interrelationships of organisms in and to their complete environment.
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4.
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Forest ecology is the study of
the forest ecosystem.
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5.
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Man is a major
consumer.
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6.
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The more complex an ecosystem,
the more likely it is to change.
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7.
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Trees are the most common
plants on earth.
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8.
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A forest landowner should be
aware of the names of trees on his land, their economic importance and their responses to
environmental conditions.
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9.
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The western United States has
more tree species than does the eastern U.S.
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10.
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A shrub is a woody plant having
one well-defined stem and a formed crown that usually attains a height of at least 8
feet.
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11.
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Rootlets extract nutrients and
water from the soil.
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12.
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The trunk of the tree serves to
conduct nutrients and water to the crown.
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13.
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The trunk produces the bulk of
the useful wood in a tree.
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14.
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Under normal conditions, one
growth ring is produced each year.
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15.
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The cambium is an active layer
of cells that is responsible for the growth of a tree.
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16.
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Each year the sapwood forms a
new annual ring.
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17.
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The inner bark is protected by
dead, nonfunctioning outer bark.
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18.
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The crown is the manufacturing
plant of the tree.
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19.
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The crown of a tree is composed
of the branches, twigs, and leaves.
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20.
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Oxygen is produced as a
by-product of photosynthesis.
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21.
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Food manufactured by the leaves
is used in evaporation.
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22.
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Each year a tree increases in
diameter and a ring is laid down.
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23.
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Each ring is made up of a darker-colored area called springwood.
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24.
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Each ring is made up of a
lighter-colored area of small, dense cells.
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25.
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To determine the age of a tree,
count the rings from the center, outward.
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26.
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Annual rings vary in
width.
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27.
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Trees growing close together,
produce narrow rings.
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28.
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A ring count is most accurate
when taken low on the stump.
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29.
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A fruit is a ripened ovary of a
flower.
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30.
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The stigma holds onto pollen
that may reach it by wind or insects.
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31.
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The style is the tube through
which a developing pollen grain grows downward to reach the ovary.
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32.
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The ovary contains one or more
ovules which, if fertilized, ripen to produce seeds.
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33.
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If the male and female flowers
occur on separate trees, the species is said to be dioecious.
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34.
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Seed can be dispersed by wind,
birds, animals, and water.
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35.
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Pine seeds are produced on the
scales of the female cones.
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36.
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Pines produce clusters of
staminate pollen-bearing cones or sacs that disperse their pollen upon ripening.
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37.
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In the use of scientific names
for trees, the generic name is always written first and capitalized.
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38.
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The most important
characteristic to identify a tree is the flower.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that
best completes the statement or answers the question.
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39.
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___________ deals with the
interrelationships between the various trees and other organisms comprising the
community.
a. | Ecology | b. | Silviculture | c. | Forest ecology | d. | Pathology |
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40.
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A forest ________ includes both
living organisms and non-living material.
a. | environment | b. | ecosystem | c. | ecology | d. | area |
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41.
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__________ materials are
represented by the physical environment made up of non-living materials.
a. | Aerobic | b. | Abiotic | c. | Decomposed | d. | Humus |
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42.
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____________ transform the
energy from the sun and the inorganic materials into substances needed by man and other
life.
a. | Producers | b. | Consumers | c. | Decomposers | d. | Predators |
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43.
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__________ consume plants for
food, either directly or indirectly.
a. | Producers | b. | Consumers | c. | Decomposers | d. | Predators |
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44.
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Decomposers are__________ that
make it possible for the organic matter to be returned to the environment for
reuse.
a. | man | c. | plants | b. | fungi and bacteria | d. | predators |
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45.
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The locations and distribution
of forests have been determined by __________ factors.
a. | climatic | b. | man-made | c. | abiotic |
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46.
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In________,one stage in the
development of plants give way to another, until a stable or climax forest stage is
reached.
a. | ecology | b. | succession | c. | community | d. | ecosystem |
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47.
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Which of the following is not a
main part of a tree?
a. | Root | b. | Bole | c. | Bark | d. | Crown |
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48.
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________ serve to anchor the
tree.
a. | Roots | b. | Rootlets | c. | Root hairs | d. | Mycorrhiza |
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49.
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Pine trees absorb plant
nutrients through the __________.
a. | roots | b. | rootlets | c. | root hairs | d. | mycorrhiza |
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50.
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A name given to a tree that has
been blown down by the wind is ________.
a. | windfall | b. | over tree | c. | snag tree | d. | lateral tree |
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51.
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Which of the following trees
has a combination taproot and lateral roots?
a. | Oak | b. | Birch | c. | Elm | d. | Lodgepole pine |
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52.
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The dark-colored center portion
of a tree is the_________.
a. | redwood | b. | heartwood | c. | sapwood | d. | cambium |
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53.
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The lighter-colored living
portion of a tree where water and raw materials are carried from the roots to the crown is
the__________.
a. | deadwood | b. | heartwood | c. | sapwood | d. | cambium |
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54.
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The__________ serves to carry
food made in the leaves down to the branches, trunk, and roots.
a. | heartwood | b. | phloem | c. | xylem | d. | cambium |
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55.
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__________ with the aid of
sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water, produces starches and sugars.
a. | Enzymes | b. | Cells | c. | Chloroplast | d. | Carbon |
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56.
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When a favorable growing
condition occurs during the time when a tree is growing slowly, it is
called_________.
a. | false
ring | b. | second
ring | c. | special
ring | d. | new
ring |
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57.
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The ability of a tree to endure
shade is called_________.
a. | shading | b. | tolerance | c. | dominance | d. | shallow |
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58.
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Which of the following is not a
method by which trees reproduce?
a. | Seed | b. | Sprouts | c. | Tufts | d. | Suckers |
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59.
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_________ is the sending up of
shoots from underground roots.
a. | Seeds | b. | Sprouting | c. | Suckering | d. | Grafting |
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60.
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The__________ is the enlarged
portion at the base of the pistil.
a. | stigma | b. | ovary | c. | style | d. | fruit |
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61.
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If the male and female flower
parts occur in separate flowers on the same tree, the species is said to
be_________.
a. | monoecious | b. | dioecious | c. | dicot |
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62.
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Plant “orders” are
made up of one or more___________.
a. | classes | b. | families | c. | species | d. | genera |
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63.
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Families are made up of one or
more_____________.
a. | species
| b. | genera | c. | classes | d. | orders |
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