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Name:    You must enter your name to take this test. Timber Stand Improvement Test

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
T F	1.	Generally the longer a stand stagnates, the longer the time it needs to respond with accelerated growth after release.
T F	2.	The use of fire under very carefully controlled conditions is an economical tool in stands of young pines.
T F	3.	Soil sterilants such as Torzon may help control certain undesirable plants, but are not to be used in close proximity to desirable trees.
Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
A B C D	4.	The practices intended to make the forest better by increasing the quality of trees and at the same time speeding up the tree growth rate are called ________. a. Timber Stand Improvement (TSI) c. Total Silvicultural Increase (TSI) b. Timber Site Improvement (TSI) d. Total Stumpage Increase (TSI)
A B C D E	5.	Which is not an example of Timber Stand Improvement? a. Noncommercial thinning d. Pruning b. Commercial thinning e. Controlling undesirable tree species c. Clear Cutting
A B C D E	6.	The term _____ Means, cutting some of the trees in the forest stand. a. Clear cutting c. Pruning e. Scalping b. Thinning d. Scaling
A B C D	7.	_______ is the removal of all plants competing with the desired tree species. a. Clear cutting c. Pruning b. Weeding d. Cleaning
A B C D	8.	Weeding is seldom used in forest stands, but may be used in ______. a. Nurseries c. Noncommercial thinning b. An area before planting seedlings d. commercial thinning
A B C D	9.	_______, a treatment applied to saplings (trees less then 4” DBH), is intended to release desirable tree species from undesirable species of about the same age. a. Thinning c. Salvage cutting b. Pruning Release Cutting d. Cleaning
A B C D E	10.	The removal of trees that overtop seedlings or saplings is referred to as _____. a. thinning c. release cutting e. cleaning b. pruning d. salvage cutting
A B C D E	11.	Another term for release cutting is ______ cutting. a. liberation c. improvement e. stumpage b. freedom d. salvage
A B C D E	12.	Cleaning Timber Stand Improvement is usually associated with which two practices, when managing a stand of seedlings? a. Cleaning and liberation cutting d. Weeding and cleaning b. Weeding and Thinning e. Cleaning and thinning c. Liberation cutting and thinning
A B C D	13.	Liberation cutting is usually not done once trees have grown past the ______ stage. a. seedling b. sapling c. poletimber d. sawtimber
A B C D	14.	Which method is least commonly used to liberate saplings? a. Girdling b. Felling c. Burning d. Poisoning
A B C D E	15.	The removal of virtually valueless trees from a stand is called _____ thinning. a. commercial c. valueless e. zilch b. noncommercial d. 0 dollar
A B C	16.	A thinning that may provide some degree of financial return is called a _____ thinning. a. commercial b. noncommercial c. value
A B C D E	17.	A tree of marketable size, but cannot be sold for some reason such as poor species, severe damage, disease, or some other reason is referred to as a _____. a. slash b. duff c. zilch d. cull e. zero
A B C D E	18.	Which is a purpose for a commercial thinning? a. Improve the quality of trees left standing b. Return a profit from trees removed, which were interfering with trees to be left c. Removal of trees which would not live until the next thinning or final harvest d. All of Above e. None of these are correct
A B C D	19.	When all trees in a stand are the same age, it is termed _____. a. even-aged b. all-aged c. homogenous d. heterogeneous
A B C D	20.	When many age groups of trees are present in a stand, it is referred to as _______. a. all aged or uneven aged c. homogenous b. even aged d. heterogeneous
A B C	21.	Commercial thinning is most often applied to _____ stands. a. even aged c. both even aged AND all aged b. all aged
A B C D E	22.	When trees become so crowded that they begin to compete for available _____, enough trees should be removed periodically to maintain a normal growth rate. a. soil moisture d. All of these are correct b. soil nutrients e. None of these are correct c. sunlight
A B C D E	23.	Crowding is evident and thinning should be considered when the live crown of the average trees becomes _____ or less of the total height of the tree. a. 1/2 b. 1/3 c. 1/4 d. 2/3 e. 3/4
A B C D E	24.	The result of overcrowding in a tree stand is keen competition for _____. a. water d. All of these are correct b. light e. None of these are correct c. soil nutrients
A B C D E	25.	Overcrowding may result in ______. a. slow growing trees b. deformed trees c. low value trees crowding out more valuable trees d. All of these are correct e. None of these are correct
A B C D	26.	Some crowding is desirable in ______ stands so that shading will cause the lower branches to die thus producing stems that will later produce knot free lumber. a. mature b. young c. all d. no
A B C	27.	The thinning operation should be done when trees to be removed have a marketable value for such products as fuelwood, fence posts, or _____. a. veneer b. sawlogs c. pulpwood
A B C D	28.	Which of the following is not a type of noncommercial thinning? a. Weeding c. Liberation cutting b. Thinning d. Improvement cutting
A B C D	29.	_____ is a thinning, past the sapling stage, to improve composition and character of the stand by removing trees of less desirable species, form, and condition. a. Liberation cutting c. Pruning b. Improvement cutting d. Selection cutting
A B C D	30.	Which trees would not be removed during an improvement cutting? a. Fire scarred and dead c. Veneer and straight b. Forked and crooked d. Wolf trees and poor species
A B C D E	31.	For spacing, a common rule of thumb that is often used is DBH + _____. This means that tree spacing should equal the DBH plus the constant. a. 2 b. 3 c. 6 d. 10 e. 12
A B C D	32.	Using the formula in the previous question (DBH + 6), what spacing should trees with a DBH of 6 inches have? a. 6” + 6 = 12 feet (3’ X 4’ spacing) c. 6” + 6 = 12 feet (12’ X 12’ spacing) b. 6” X 6 = 36 feet (6’ X 6’ spacing) d. 6” = 6 = 12 feet (6’ X 6’ spacing)
A B C D E	33.	Using the figures in (6” DBH and DBH + 6) formula, how many trees per acre should be left per acre after thinning? a. 107 b. 302 c. 519 d. 711 e. 1420
A B C D E	34.	Planted pine stands of normal stocking of about 700 trees per acre reach the thinning at ______ to _____ years in the south and ___ to ___ years in the north. a. 5 to 10 & 10 to 15 d. 20 to 30 & 12 to 15 b. 12 to 15 & 20 to 30 e. 12 to 15 & 12 to 15 c. 20 to 30 & 40 to 50
A B C D	35.	The low thinning method, also called “thinning from below” or “German” method thinning removes _____. a. only overtopped trees c. only the tallest trees b. only low value trees d. only the German trees
A B C D	36.	Crown thinning, also called “ thinning from above” or “French” method thinning, removes ______. a. the understory trees b. the tallest trees to open up the canopy c. only tall trees of undesirable species d. middle and upper range trees to open up the canopy
A B C D	37.	Removing all trees in lines or strips at fixed intervals is called _____. a. line thinning c. row thinning b. strip thinning d. interval thinning
A B C D	38.	Row thinning is popular because _____. a. it is labor efficient b. it removes deformed and stunted trees only c. it removes only diseased trees d. it selects all trees that need to be thinned
A B C D	39.	Row thinning usually removes every ______ row. a. other c. seventh b. third d. any of these options may be used
A B C D	40.	Generally the stand should be thinned when the growth rate from crown and root competition begins to _____. a. decrease the rate of height growth c. decrease the rate of DBH growth b. increase the rate of height growth d. increase the rate of DBH growth
A B C D	41.	Delaying thinning may cause ______, a decrease in the growth rate (most importantly DBH) of the stand. a. chlorosis b. deflection c. cupping d. stagnation
A B C D	42.	The tool used to determine growth rate of trees is the _____. a. clinometer b. calipers c. increment borer d. biltmore stick
A B C D E	43.	Fire used carefully can help (1) reduce wildfire hazards, (2) control insects and diseases, (3) improve grazing for livestock and wildlife, and (4) open the cones of a. longleaf pine c. white pine e. loblolly pine b. shortleaf pine d. lodgepole pine
A B C D E	44.	A/an _____ is a chemical used to control plants. a. insecticide b. herbicide c. larvacide d. rodenticide e. fungicide
A B C D E	45.	Many undesirable tree species may be controlled by using ______. a. 2,4-D or 2,4,5-T c. Dual e. Malathion b. Atrazine d. Lorsban
A B C D E	46.	Cost sharing for Timber Stand Improvement work may be received by applying to the local office of the _____. a. SCS (Soil Conservation Service) b. State University c. County farm agent d. ASCS (Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service) e. U.S. Department of the Interior
A B C D E	47.	_____ is the removal of lower side branches to help produce knot free lumber. a. Thinning b. Grading c. Pruning d. Scaling e. Pacing
A B C D E	48.	Pruning is usually done to the ______ foot height. a. 8 b. 12 c. 17 d. 20 e. 40
A B C D E	49.	A ______ cutting is made to remove trees infested with insects or disease. a. sanitation c. liberation e. selection b. salvage d. shelterwood
A B C D	50.	A ______ is done to remove trees damaged by ice, windstorms, insects, disease, or fire. a. sanitation c. selection b. salvage liberation d. clear